450 years of Colonization are over: The Indian Liberation of Portuguese Goa
755The Indian Liberation of Goa, was one of the most symbolic, if not important events during the de-colonization era. Yet, little is ever discussed about this conflict. So, in todays video. We will be talking about how the 450 year rein of Portugal, came to an end in India. A Portugal vs India war, would be waged.
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After WW1, the instability in the Portuguese government led to some leaders in the colonies to vi for changes within the state. Unrest against Portuguese rule within the territory would be pioneered by Tristão de Bragança Cunha, who founded the Goa Congress Committee in 1928, who also worked with various Indian independence movements at the time. The congress largely called for non-violent protests and demonstrations, and worked to expand similar movements within the remaining French territory in India as well. In reaction to the growing dissent, the Portuguese government in Goa implemented policies which curtailed civil liberties, including censorship of the press. Strict censorship policies required any material containing printed words, including invitation cards, to be submitted to a censorship committee for screening. By the 1940s, the Goan independence movement had gained momentum, inspired by the Indian independence movement, which had entered its crucial phase. When the British announced that India was to be independent in 1946, Indian leaders focused their attention on movements in Portuguese India and French India to get those colonies to join the newly independent Indian state.
Massive protests and demonstrations occurred within Goa during 1946, with the leaders and over 2,000 people arrested. With the vast amount of the Leadership arrested, a lot of the momentum for independence faded away. The failure of Goa to achieve independence within the national independence struggle, in conjunction with mixed signals from the new national Indian leadership in New Delhi and harsh repression by the Portuguese, led to a temporary lull in the Goan independence movement. Similarly, the partition of India and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 diverted the focus of the national Indian leadership from the anti-colonial struggles in the Portuguese and French colonies.
In July of 1954, Pro Indian forces managed to invade and occupy the Portuguese exclaves of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, headed by the United Front of Goans. Due to the land locked nature of this territory, Portugal was unable to defend the land. Following this, the Portuguese aimed to keep control of the remainder of their territory in the subcontinent, but action wouldn't occur for another seven years. As Diplomatic talks all failed, to keep the peace. On 24 November 1961, a passenger boat passing between the Portuguese-held island of Anjidiv and the Indian port of Kochi, was fired upon by Portuguese ground troops, resulting in the death of a passenger and injuries to the chief engineer. The action was precipitated by Portuguese fears that the boat carried a military landing party intent on storming the island. The incidents lent themselves to fostering widespread public support in India for military action in Goa.