An acid-base titration consists of the controlled addition of a dissolved base to a dissolved ac....

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An acid-base titration consists of the controlled addition of a dissolved base to a dissolved acid (or the reverse). Acid-base react rapidly to neutralize each other. At the equivalence point, enough titrant, the solution being added, has gone into make the chemical amounts of the acid and base exactly equal. The \( \mathrm{pH} \) of a titration changes every time a drop of titrant is added, but the rate of this change varies enormously. A titration curve, graph of \( \mathrm{pH} \) as a function of the volume of titrant, displays in detail how the \( \mathrm{pH} \) changes over the course of an acid-base titration. Significantly, the \( \mathrm{pH} \) changes most rapidly near the equivalence point. The exact shape of titration curve depends on the \( \mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{a}} \) and \( \mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{b}} \) of acid and base.
Which of the following curves indicates the titration of a weak diprotic acid by \( \mathrm{NaOH} \) of equivalent strength?
(1)
Volume of \( \mathrm{NaOH} \) added
(2)
Volume of \( \mathrm{NaOH} \) added
(3)
(4)
Volume of \( \mathrm{NaOH} \) added


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