A ballistic pendulum is a device that was used to measure the speeds of bullets before the development of electronic timing devices. The device consists of a large block of wood of mass \( M \), hanging from two long cords. A bullet of mass \( m \) is fired into the block, the bullet comes quickly into rest and the block + bullet rises to a vertical distance \( h \) before the pendulum comes momentarily to rest as the ends of the arc.
In the process, the linear momentum is conserved. In such a collision, some kinetic energy is dissipated as heat; so mechanical energy is not conserved. When there is a loss in mechanical energy, the collision is said to be inelastic. Further when two bodies coalesce, the collision is said to be perfectly inelastic.
The collision of block-bullet system is
(1) perfectly elastic
(2) partially inelastic
(3) partially elastic
(4) perfectly inelastic
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