a QR code may appear to be nothing more than a collection of square patterns
0At first glance, a QR code may appear to be nothing more than a collection of square patterns, yet the way it "works" is the result of sophisticated ingenuity and advanced technology. First, the large finder patterns positioned at three corners of the code instantly detect its position and orientation from the captured image. This allows the use of perspective transformation to correct the entire image into an accurate square grid, even when the code is photographed at an angle or under perspective distortion. Each cell’s black and white pattern encodes not only the data itself but also error correction information, incorporating Reed–Solomon codes. Thanks to this error correction capability, any lost information due to dirt, scratches, or partial damage is automatically restored. In other words, accurate data reading is achieved even in complex environments, enabling rapid recognition on smartphones and dedicated scanners. This fusion of multilayered technology and design is precisely why QR codes "work"—they consistently function under any circumstances.