Disorders of Menstruation lecture #2 // menstrual bleeding medical and surgery treatment
3#menstruation #gynaecology #menorrhagia
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menstrual disorder in hindi by ranjana,
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menstrual cycle and its regulation in english irregular menstruation (symptom)
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For Medical Students
HPO axis, Medical Students
Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Disorders
PCOS
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Disorders of menstruation refer to a range of medical conditions that can affect the normal menstrual cycle in women. The menstrual cycle is a complex process that occurs roughly every 28 days, involving hormonal changes and the shedding of the uterine lining. Disorders of menstruation can lead to irregular, heavy, painful, or absent periods. Below are some common disorders of menstruation:
1. **Amenorrhea:** Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods. Primary amenorrhea occurs when a girl hasn't started menstruating by the age of 16, while secondary amenorrhea is when a woman who previously had regular periods stops menstruating for three or more months.
2. **Dysmenorrhea:** Dysmenorrhea is characterized by painful menstrual cramps during menstruation. It can be primary (without any underlying medical condition) or secondary (caused by underlying conditions like endometriosis or uterine fibroids).
3. **Menorrhagia:** Menorrhagia refers to abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. Women with menorrhagia may experience periods lasting longer than seven days and may soak through sanitary products quickly.
4. **Metrorrhagia:** Metrorrhagia is irregular bleeding or spotting between periods.
5. **Polymenorrhea:** Polymenorrhea is a condition where the menstrual cycle occurs more frequently than the average 28-day cycle, with periods lasting less than 21 days.
6. **Oligomenorrhea:** Oligomenorrhea is a condition where menstrual cycles occur infrequently, typically at intervals greater than 35 days.
7. **Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS):** PMS encompasses a wide range of physical and emotional symptoms that occur before menstruation. While mild PMS symptoms are common, severe symptoms can significantly affect a woman's quality of life.
8. **Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD):** PMDD is a severe form of PMS, characterized by extreme mood swings, irritability, and emotional disturbances.
9. **Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS):** PCOS is a hormonal disorder in which the ovaries produce higher-than-normal amounts of male hormones, leading to irregular periods, and other symptoms like acne, weight gain, and excessive hair growth.
10. **Endometriosis:** Endometriosis is a condition where the tissue lining the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, causing pain, inflammation, and irregular bleeding during the menstrual cycle.
11. **Uterine Fibroids:** Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that can develop in or around the uterus, leading to heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
It's essential for women experiencing any significant changes in their menstrual cycle to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis. Treatment options depend on the specific disorder and may include medications, hormonal therapies, or in some cases, surgical intervention.