Neptune Facts And History!
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From the gasses that form it, to the rocks around it, and more! Join me as I show you the history and facts about Neptune!
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10. The History Of Neptune
Before we dive into the various facts, figures, and numbers concerning the planet known as Neptune, let's first talk about its history and its discovery. Because it's a little more important than you might expect it to be.
Some of the earliest recorded observations ever made through a telescope, Galileo's drawings on 28 December 1612 and 27 January 1613 contain plotted points that match up with what is now known to be the position of Neptune. On both occasions, Galileo seems to have mistaken Neptune for a fixed star when it appeared close—in conjunction—to Jupiter in the night sky; hence, he is not credited with Neptune's discovery.
At his first observation in December 1612, Neptune was almost stationary in the sky because it had just turned retrograde that day. This apparent backward motion is created when Earth's orbit takes it past an outer planet. Because Neptune was only beginning its yearly retrograde cycle, the motion of the planet was far too slight to be detected with Galileo's small telescope. In 2009, a study suggested that Galileo was at least aware that the "star" he had observed had moved relative to the fixed stars.
In 1821, Alexis Bouvard published astronomical tables of the orbit of Neptune's neighbour Uranus. Subsequent observations revealed substantial deviations from the tables, leading Bouvard to hypothesize that an unknown body was perturbing the orbit through gravitational interaction. In 1843, John Couch Adams began work on the orbit of Uranus using the data he had. He requested extra data from Sir George Airy, the Astronomer Royal, who supplied it in February 1844. Adams continued to work in 1845–46 and produced several different estimates of a new planet.
In 1845–46, Urbain Le Verrier, independently of Adams, developed his own calculations but aroused no enthusiasm in his compatriots.
Le Verrier by letter urged Berlin Observatory astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle to search with the observatory's refractor. Heinrich d'Arrest, a student at the observatory, suggested to Galle that they could compare a recently drawn chart of the sky in the region of Le Verrier's predicted location with the current sky to seek the displacement characteristic of a planet, as opposed to a fixed star. On the evening of 23 September 1846, the day Galle received the letter, he discovered Neptune just northeast of Phi Aquarii, 1° from where Le Verrier had predicted it to be, about 12° from Adams' prediction, and on the border of Aquarius and Capricornus according to the modern IAU constellation boundaries. Challis later realised that he had observed the planet twice, on 4 and 12 August, but did not recognise it as a planet because he lacked an up-to-date star map and was distracted by his concurrent work on comet observations.
Think back on ALL of this, think about how many people had to look at the sky and try to find this planet. Funnily enough, Neptune is only planet to have been discovered by math (via the aforementioned charts and predictions) BEFORE it was found by eye. No matter what though, regardless of how it was found, it was found, and the 8th planet of our solar system was eventually named Neptune.
This of course came after a big battle about what the name should be...but we won't dive into it.
9. Orbits and Rotations
As you head to the outer reaches of the solar system, Neptune is "officially" the last planet in our solar system (if you don't believe that Pluto is a planet...), and as such, its time around the sun isn't so much about years rather than lifetimes.
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