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City/Town Country/Territory Notes
Abidjan (former capital; still has many government offices) Ivory Coast
Yamoussoukro (official)
Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
Abuja Nigeria Lagos was the capital from 1914 to 1991.
Accra Ghana
Adamstown Pitcairn Islands British Overseas Territory.
Addis Ababa Ethiopia
Aden (de facto, temporary) Yemen Sana'a has been occupied by Houthi rebels since February 2015. Aden, the former capital of South Yemen, is Yemen's acting capital. See also: Yemeni Civil War (2015–present).
Sana'a (de jure)
Algiers Algeria
Alofi Niue Self-governing in free association with New Zealand.
Amman Jordan
Amsterdam (official) Netherlands The Dutch constitution refers to Amsterdam as the "capital". Also of the public bodies of: Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius.
The Hague (de facto) The Dutch government is located in The Hague, which also hosts the monarch, government ministries, judiciary and diplomatic missions.
Andorra la Vella Andorra
Ankara Turkey Ankara replaced Istanbul as the capital of the newly-formed Republic of Turkey in 1923, after the Turkish War of Independence. Istanbul was the capital of Turkey's predecessor, the Ottoman Empire.
Antananarivo Madagascar
Apia Samoa
Ashgabat Turkmenistan
Asmara Eritrea
Astana Kazakhstan Astana was named Nur-Sultan from 2019 to 2022. Almaty was the capital from 1929 to 1997.
Asunción Paraguay
Athens Greece
Avarua Cook Islands Self-governing in free association with New Zealand. Sometimes incorrectly referred to as Rarotonga, the name of the island on which Avarua is located.
Baghdad Iraq
Baku Azerbaijan
Bamako Mali
Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei
Bangkok Thailand
Bangui Central African Republic
Banjul The Gambia
Basseterre Saint Kitts and Nevis
Beijing China See also: Historical capitals of China.
Sub-divisions of Hong Kong and Macau.
Beirut Lebanon
Belgrade Serbia
Belmopan Belize
Berlin Germany Bonn was the capital of West Germany and remained the seat of government for reunified Germany until 1999.
Bern (de facto) Switzerland Switzerland has no official capital.
Bishkek Kyrgyzstan
Bissau Guinea-Bissau
Bloemfontein (judicial) South Africa
Cape Town (legislative)
Pretoria (executive)
Bogotá Colombia
Brades (de facto) Montserrat British Overseas Territory. Plymouth was abandoned after the eruption of the Soufriere Hills volcano in 1997. Government offices since then have been moved to Brades, which is in the northwestern part of Montserrat.
Plymouth (official) Abidjan (former capital; still has many government offices) Ivory Coast
Yamoussoukro (official)
Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
Abuja Nigeria Lagos was the capital from 1914 to 1991.
Accra Ghana
Adamstown Pitcairn Islands British Overseas Territory.
Addis Ababa Ethiopia
Aden (de facto, temporary) Yemen Sana'a has been occupied by Houthi rebels since February 2015. Aden, the former capital of South Yemen, is Yemen's acting capital. See also: Yemeni Civil War (2015–present).
Sana'a (de jure)
Algiers Algeria
Alofi Niue Self-governing in free association with New Zealand.
Amman Jordan
Amsterdam (official) Netherlands The Dutch constitution refers to Amsterdam as the "capital". Also of the public bodies of: Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius.
The Hague (de facto) The Dutch government is located in The Hague, which also hosts the monarch, government ministries, judiciary and diplomatic missions.
Andorra la Vella Andorra
Ankara Turkey Ankara replaced Istanbul as the capital of the newly-formed Republic of Turkey in 1923, after the Turkish War of Independence. Istanbul was the capital of Turkey's predecessor, the Ottoman Empire.
Antananarivo Madagascar
Apia Samoa
Ashgabat Turkmenistan
Asmara Eritrea
Astana Kazakhstan Astana was named Nur-Sultan from 2019 to 2022. Almaty was the capital from 1929 to 1997.
Asunción Paraguay
Athens Greece
Avarua Cook Islands Self-governing in free association with New Zealand. Sometimes incorrectly referred to as Rarotonga, the name of the island on which Avarua is located.
Baghdad Iraq
Baku Azerbaijan
Bamako Mali
Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei
Bangkok Thailand
Bangui Central African Republic
Banjul The Gambia
Basseterre Saint Kitts and Nevis
Beijing China See also: Historical capitals of China.
Sub-divisions of Hong Kong and Macau.
Beirut Lebanon
Belgrade Serbia
Belmopan Belize
Berlin Germany Bonn was the capital of West Germany and remained the seat of government for reunified Germany until 1999.
Bern
Bishkek Kyrgyzstan
Bissau Guinea-Bissau
Bloemfontein (judicial) South Africa
Cape Town (
Pretoria (executive)
Bogotá Colombia
Brades
Plymouth
Brasília Brazil Rio de Janeiro was the capital until 1960. See also: Capitals of Brazil
Bratislava Slovakia
Brazzaville Congo
Bridgetown Barbados
Brussels Belgium Also the de facto capital of the European Union.
Bucharest Romania
Budapest Hungary