60,000 Times Slower Python

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Pragmatic AI Labs

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17,700

Published on February 23, 2025 8:11:04 PM ● Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6L9dAoJaotY

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The End of Moore's Law and the Future of Computing Performance
The Automobile Industry Parallel

• 1960s: Focus on power over efficiency (muscle cars, gas guzzlers)
• Evolution through Japanese efficiency, turbocharging, to electric vehicles
• Similar pattern now happening in computingThe Python Performance Crisis

• Matrix multiplication example: 7 hours vs 0.5 seconds
• 60,000x performance difference through optimization
• Demonstrates massive inefficiencies in modern languages
• Industry was misled by Moore's Law into deprioritizing performancePerformance Improvement Hierarchy

1.

Language Choice Improvements:

• Java: 11x faster than Python
• C: 50x faster than Python
• Why stop at C-level performance?
2.

Additional Optimization Layers:

• Parallel loops: 366x speedup
• Parallel divide and conquer
• Vectorization
• Chip-specific featuresThe New Reality in 2025

• Moore's Law's automatic performance gains are gone
• LLMs make code generation easier but not necessarily better
• Need experts who understand performance optimization
• Pushing for "faster than C" as the new standardFuture Directions

• Modern compiled languages gaining attention (Rust, Go, Zig)
• Example: 16KB Zig web server in Docker
• Rethinking architectures:
• Microservices with tiny containers
• WebAssembly over JavaScript
• Performance-first designKey Paradigm Shifts

• Developer time no longer prioritized over runtime
• Production code should never be slower than C
• Single-stack ownership enables optimization
• Need for coordinated improvement across:
• Language design
• Algorithms
• Hardware architectureLooking Forward

• Shift from interpreted to modern compiled languages
• Performance engineering becoming critical skill
• Domain-specific hardware acceleration
• Integrated approach to performance optimization



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