Agesilaus II
0Agesilaus II, by Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1550 / CC BY SA 3.0
#Eurypontid_kings_of_Sparta
#Ancient_Greek_generals
#4th-century_BC_Spartans
#Spartan_hegemony
#440s_BC_births
#360s_BC_deaths
Agesilaus II （/əˌdʒɛsəˈleɪəs/; Greek: Ἀγησίλαος Agesilaos; c. 444/443 – c. 360 BC） was the king of Sparta between c.
400 to 360 BC. Generally considered the most important king in the history of Sparta, Agesilaus was the main actor during the period of Spartan hegemony that followed the Peloponnesian War （431–404 BC）.
Although brave in combat, Agesilaus lacked the diplomatic skills to preserve Sparta's position, especially against the rising power of Thebes,
which reduced Sparta to a secondary power after its victory at Leuctra in 371 BC. Despite the traditional secrecy fostered by the Spartiates,
the reign of Agesilaus is particularly well-known thanks to the works of his friend Xenophon, who wrote a large history of Greece （the Hellenica） covering the years 411 to 362 BC, therefore extensively dealing with Agesilaus' rule.
Xenophon furthermore composed a panegyric biography of his friend, perhaps to clean his memory from the criticisms voiced against him.
Another historical tradition—much more hostile to Agesilaus than Xenophon's writings—has been preserved in the Hellenica Oxyrhynchia, and later continued by Diodorus of Sicily.
Moreover, Plutarch wrote a biography of Agesilaus in his Parallel Lives, which contains many elements deliberately omitted by Xenophon.
Agesilaus' father was King Archidamos II （r. 469–427）, who belonged to the Eurypontid dynasty, one of the two royal families of Sparta.
Archidamos already had a son from a first marriage with Lampito （his own step-aunt） named Agis.
After the death of Lampito, Archidamos remarried in the early 440s with Eupolia, daughter of Melesippidas, whose name indicates an aristocratic status.
Agesilaus was probably born a few years later, in 445 or more likely in 444.
Agesilaus also had a sister named Kyniska （...
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