Case-Based-I: In the periodic table, the general trend is that as we move down a group, and move from right to left, the \( \mathrm{Z}_{\text {eff }} \) decreases, and an increase in the size of the atom is observed. Valence electrons then experience an electrostatic force attraction from nucleus. The nucleus has positive charge, but because of shielding by core electrons the total positive charge of nucleus is not completely observed by the electrons, hence the actual net positive charge observed by the valence electron has its own name and is known as the effective nuclear charge \( \mathrm{Z}_{\text {eff }} \) The size of the atom is largely affected by the effective nuclear charge.
1. \( \mathrm{C} \) and \( \mathrm{Si} \) are the basis of biological life and synthetic computing respectively. While these elements share many chemical properties. Which among the following statements best describes a difference between the two elements?
a. \( \mathrm{C} \) has a smaller atomic radius than \( \mathrm{Si} \)
b. Si has a smaller atomic radius than \( \mathrm{C} \)
c. \( \mathrm{C} \) has fewer valence electrons than \( \mathrm{Si} \).
d. Si has more valence electrons than \( \mathrm{C} \).
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