Exploring Genetic Variations: Polyploid Mutants in Grape Cultivation
3Exploring Genetic Variations: Polyploid Mutants in Grape Cultivation
Layman Abstract : Scientists are developing new ways to create polyploid grape varieties—grapes with extra sets of chromosomes that can have improved traits. Traditionally, chemicals like colchicine are used to cause mutations in dividing plant cells, leading to tetraploid grapes with unique genetic properties. In nature, such mutations sometimes happen by chance due to chromosome errors.
To make the process faster and more efficient, researchers tested different colchicine concentrations on three grape varieties during meiosis, the stage when reproductive cells form. They developed a new method that successfully induced mutations in 2.2–28% of cases. Further analysis showed genetic and structural differences in the mutated plants. This breakthrough could help speed up the breeding of stronger and more productive grape varieties.
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Original Abstract : In order to produce experimental polyploid forms, almost all the methods used are based on the influence of mutagenic agents on actively dividing somatic cells in the selection of grapes. As a result, the obtained genomic mutations are mitotic autotetraploids according to genetic properties. Under the influence of natural mutagenic factors, spontaneous mitotic polyploids usually occur in grapes as a result of the non-disjunction of chromosomes in anaphase. These days, the selection of grapes to obtain new initial polyploidy material with various inductions of mitotic genomic mutations with the help of colchicine and other mutagens. The duration and complexity of the selection process called for a new method that would increase efficiency and accelerate the selection of polyploid forms of grapes. The study describes the impact of various concentrations of colchicine aqueous solution during inflorescence at the meiosis stage of 3 grape cultivars. A new method for preparing a genomic mutation in the meiotic stage of gametogenesis in the grapes under the influence of colchicine was developed and it is described briefly. The study revealed that mutational efficiency constitutes 2.2-28.0%. This new technique allows for the induction of genomic mutations at the meiosis stage in grapes. The cyto-anatomical and histological analysis of polyploid mutant forms of grapes revealed cytogenetic and histological mutational variation. Genetic analysis of variability is given.
View Book: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v8/3494
#Autotetraploids_induced_polyploidy #meiosis #mitosis #gametes #hromosom_histology #anatomy #cytology