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From the stability constant (hypothetical values), given below, predict which is the strongest ligand:
(1) \( \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}+4 \mathrm{NH}_{3} \rightleftharpoons\left[\mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{4}\right]^{2+} \),
P
\( \mathrm{K}=4.5 \times 10^{11} \)
WW
(2) \( \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}+4 \mathrm{CN}^{-} \rightleftharpoons\left[\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{CN})_{4}\right]^{2-} \),
\( \mathrm{K}=2.0 \times 10^{27} \)
(3) \( \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}+2 \mathrm{en} \rightleftharpoons\left[\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{en})_{2}\right]^{2+} \),
\( \mathrm{K}=3.0 \times 10^{15} \)
(4) \( \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}+4 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightleftharpoons\left[\mathrm{Cu}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{4}\right]^{2+} \),
\( \mathrm{K}=9.5 \times 10^{8} \)
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