Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle

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Published on January 11, 2022 7:10:39 PM ● Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8bvnZfpYpY

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Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, by Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1005861 / CC BY SA 3.0

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Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle （GSLV） is an expendable launch system operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation （ISRO）.
GSLV was used in fourteen launches from 2001 to 2021, with more launches planned.
Even though GSLV Mark III shares the name, it is an entirely different launch vehicle.
The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle （GSLV） project was initiated in 1990 with the objective of acquiring an Indian launch capability for geosynchronous satellites.
GSLV uses major components that are already proven in the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle （PSLV） launch vehicles in the form of the S125/S139 solid rocket booster and the liquid-fueled Vikas engine.
Due to the thrust required for injecting the satellite in a geostationary transfer orbit （GTO） the third stage was to be powered by a LOX/LH2 Cryogenic engine which at that time India did not possess or had the technology know-how to build one.
Indigenous Cryogenic Upper Stage CE-7.
5 of GSLV The first development flight of the GSLV （Mk I configuration） was launched on 18 April 2001 was a failure as the payload failed to reach the intended orbit parameters.
The launcher was declared operational after the second development flight successfully launched the GSAT-2 satellite.
During the initial years from the initial launch to 2014 the launcher had a checkered history with only 2 successful launches out of 7.
The third stage was to be procured from Russian company Glavkosmos, including transfer of technology and design details of the engine based on an agreement signed in 1991.
Russia backed out of the deal after United States objected to the deal as in violation of the Missile Technology Control Regime （MTCR） in May ...