Have We Overcome The Curse Of Mars? Episode 1
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Have we overcome the Curse of Mars?
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October 10, 1960, is a date that very few people remember, yet it was precisely that day sixty years ago that marked the beginning of the great epic of space exploration towards Mars.
After flying over the Moon in 1959 and photographing its hidden side with the probe Luna 3, the Soviet Union turned all its scientific and industrial power towards the Red Planet, considered the most similar to the Earth in view of future colonization.
And it was the beginning of a real siege. The Soviets went on the attack first, and it was a massacre of probes! It will take as many as ten years before we see the Soviet Union flag waving on Mars. But beaten on time by the United States.
This first series of resounding failures began to instill the idea that Mars had something "cursed" or even that the hypothetical inhabitants of the planet somehow managed to sabotage the launches and the success of the missions.
Then things started to improve slightly, as you can see from the small statistics we have prepared for you by counting the number of failed missions compared to those launched, with the relative percentage of failures.
But why is it so difficult to land on Mars? And what can be true in the legend of the "curse of Mars"?
Before answering these questions it will be useful to go over mission by mission all the attempts to land on the Red Planet, with the dates and reasons for any failures. Are you ready for this exciting space ride?
October 10, 1960: from Baikonur cosmodrome, the USSR launches Mars 1. It is expected that the spacecraft will fly over the planet, but a failure in the second stage of the rocket vector prevents the mission to reach Earth orbit. 1/1 100% failures.
October 14, 1960: the USSR tries again a few days later with the Mars 2 probe, but its fate is identical to that of its twin Mars 1: rocket malfunction and destruction before reaching Earth orbit. 2/2 100% failures.
October 24, 1962: two years pass and the Soviets try again with Sputnik 22. The mission is always the same: to fly over and photograph the surface of Mars. This time things go a little better... before exploding together with the probe, the fourth stage of the rocket is able to reach Earth's orbit... 3/3 100% failures.
November 1, 1962: another Mars 1 is launched for an overflight at 11000 km from the surface. This time everything seems to be working... the spacecraft is put on course towards Mars and is followed until March 21, 1963, when, at 106 million kilometers from Earth, the signal stops abruptly. 4/4 100% failures.
November 4, 1962: this time the Soviets change strategy and launch Sputnik 24 with the intent to have it laid on the surface of Mars. It is in practice the first Martian lander. Too bad that everything ends up in pieces just before the orbit towards the red planet. 5/5 100% failures.
November 5, 1964: this time the U.S. tries to launch Mariner 3. They also try to fly over Mars, but one hour after the launch, with the spacecraft now on course toward the planet, the technicians realize that the solar panels have not opened! The batteries run out and the signal is lost. 6/6 100% failures.
November 28, 1964: again the USA with the Mariner 4, and this time the shot succeeds! On July 14, 1965, the spacecraft flies over Mars 9800 km away from the surface and sends to Earth the first photos of the red planet. 6/7 86% failures.
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