How Hard Disk Works | Akku Veru Aani Veru | Tamil
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How Hard Disk Works
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Actuator that moves the read-write arm. In older hard drives, the actuators were stepper motors. In most modern hard drives, voice coils are used instead. As their name suggests, these are simple electromagnets, working rather like the moving coils that make sounds in loudspeakers. They position the read-write arm more quickly, precisely, and reliably than stepper motors and are less sensitive to problems such as temperature variations.
Read-write arm swings read-write head back and forth across platter.
Central spindle allows platter to rotate at high speed.
Magnetic platter stores information in binary form.
Plug connections link hard drive to circuit board in personal computer.
Read-write head is a tiny magnet on the end of the read-write arm.
Circuit board on underside controls the flow of data to and from the platter.
Flexible connector carries data from circuit board to read-write head and platter.
Small spindle allows read-write arm to swing across platter.
Reading & Writing
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The most important thing about memory is not being able to store information but being able to find it later. Imagine storing a magnetized iron nail in a pile of 1.6 million million identical nails and you'll have some idea how much trouble your computer would get into if it didn't use a very methodical way of filing its information.
When your computer stores data on its hard drive, it doesn't just throw magnetized nails into a box, all jumbled up together. The data is stored in a very orderly pattern on each platter. Bits of data are arranged in concentric, circular paths called tracks. Each track is broken up into smaller areas called sectors. Part of the hard drive stores a map of sectors that have already been used up and others that are still free. (In Windows, this map is called the File Allocation Table or FAT.) When the computer wants to store new information, it takes a look at the map to find some free sectors. Then it instructs the read-write head to move across the platter to exactly the right location and store the data there. To read information, the same process runs in reverse.
With so much information stored in such a tiny amount of space, a hard drive is a remarkable piece of engineering. That brings benefits (such as being able to store 500 CDs on your iPod)—but drawbacks too. One of them is that hard drives can go wrong if they get dirt or dust inside them. A tiny piece of dust can make the read-write head bounce up and down, crashing into the platter and damaging its magnetic material. This is known as a disk crash (or head crash) and it can (though it doesn't always) cause the loss of all the information on a hard drive. A disk crash usually occurs out of the blue, without any warning. That's why you should always keep backup copies of your important documents and files, either on another hard drive, on a compact disc (CD) or DVD, or on a flash memory stick.
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