Jerome Bruner's Theory applied in Spiral Curriculum
10Jerome bruner's theory of development is based on the assumption that we learn best when we go from concrete to abstract in a three-step process.
first comes hands-on action then learning with images and finally students transform what they've learned into language throughout the experience we constantly revisit previously learned topics while teachers provide carefully structured guidance along the way and it seems to work in the 1980s the singaporean government decided to stop importing foreign textbooks and instead build the world's best maths curriculum from scratch since that time singaporeans study fewer concepts with greater detail following bruner's guideline
before we learn how well this worked out let's go through each step of the theory with an example first we learn through inactive representation this happens in hands-on experiences ideally with real-world applications to divide four by two two students learn to cut a cake into four slices so each can eat one now and bring one home later
step two is iconic representation we now link our memories of the experience to iconic pictures students are asked to draw a cake that was cut into four pieces last comes symbolic representation we now use the images we internalized earlier and turn them into abstract language such as mathematical symbols using a little bit of retrospection we can easily solve the problem
this last phase is also called language based because we are really just learning the right words and symbols to express our thoughts the actual maths knowledge was acquired much earlier through hands-on experiences bruner therefore advocated for the use of spiral curriculum with continuous repetition of the same fundamental ideas the curriculum is comprised of three characteristics students revisit the same topic at regular intervals the complexity of the topic increases with each revisit the new learning has a relationship with previous learning
teachers also use scaffolding a term coined by bruno teachers do this by structuring activities based on students existing knowledge and in a way that helps them to reach the desired learning outcome the teacher first demonstrates the process as the student watches then the teacher lets the student have a go steps back and offers support and feedback when needed
today by the way singapore's fourth and eighth graders are the world's best in both mathematics and science and singapore's maths curriculum is copied by educators from around the world
jerome bruner was born blind in new york city in 1915 at age 2 modern medicine restored his vision later he returned the favor by becoming a pioneer in cognitive development he believed that any subject can be taught in an intellectually honest form to any child at any stage of development
what do you think about bruner's theory and his suggestion for better learning is this how you learn in your studies if not what is one subject that you think could be made more understandable by following his ideas if you like this video and the way we explain the subject subscribe to our channel you
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