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"Means of Ascent" by Robert A. Caro is the second volume in his biographical series on Lyndon B. Johnson, the 36th President of the United States. Published in 1990, the book explores the early political career of Lyndon Johnson, focusing primarily on his time in the House of Representatives and his bid for the U.S. Senate.Caro's work is not just a biography but also a deep dive into the mechanics of political power, the strategies used to attain it, and the character of the individuals who wield it. In "Means of Ascent," Caro paints a vivid portrait of Lyndon Johnson and provides a compelling analysis of the means he employed to ascend to greater heights in American politics.One of the central themes in the book is ambition. Johnson's ambition is portrayed as a driving force that shapes his actions and decisions. Caro emphasizes how Johnson's ambition is not just a personal desire for power but also a reflection of the broader political climate in Texas during that era. Johnson's ambition is depicted as ruthless and unrelenting, leading him to take calculated risks and make morally questionable choices.Caro meticulously details Johnson's early political career, highlighting the manipulative and opportunistic tactics he used to climb the political ladder. Johnson's ability to use connections, coercion, and cunning to further his career is a recurring theme. He is portrayed as a master of the political game, willing to exploit any advantage to get ahead. Caro's narrative vividly illustrates Johnson's willingness to bend the rules and his readiness to engage in dirty politics, such as his controversial 1948 Senate campaign.The 1948 Senate campaign is a pivotal moment in the book and in Johnson's political career. Caro meticulously examines the infamous "Box 13" incident in Duval County, where Johnson's allies manipulated the vote count to secure his victory. Caro presents a detailed account of the fraud, shedding light on the ethical compromises made by Johnson and his supporters. This episode exemplifies the book's exploration of the means by which Johnson aspired to power, even if it meant resorting to dubious methods.Caro also delves into the role of money in politics, portraying Johnson as a master fundraiser who could extract substantial contributions from wealthy donors and special interest groups. Johnson's ability to amass campaign funds and use them strategically is depicted as a key tool in his ascent. This aspect of the book offers insights into the relationship between money and political power, a theme that remains relevant in contemporary American politics.Additionally, "Means of Ascent" delves into the role of political strategy and manipulation. Johnson's ability to create and exploit opportunities, such as his successful move from the House of Representatives to the Senate, is analyzed in depth. Caro shows how Johnson's cunning and his understanding of power dynamics within the Democratic Party allowed him to position himself for greater influence.Caro's writing is not solely focused on Johnson's character and actions but also on the broader political and social context of the time. He paints a vivid picture of Texas politics in the mid-20th century, a world of backroom deals, patronage, and entrenched interests. Through his narrative, Caro provides readers with a deeper understanding of the political landscape that shaped Johnson's rise.In conclusion, "Means of Ascent" by Robert A. Caro is a masterful literary analysis of Lyndon B. Johnson's early political career. Caro's meticulous research and engaging storytelling shed light on the complex interplay of ambition, power, and political maneuvering. The book presents a compelling case study of how a determined individual can ascend the political ladder, even if it means resorting to questionable means. Caro's work continues to be relevant not only as a biography of a significant American figure but also as a study of the enduring dynamics of political power.