No, Vegans Do NOT Eat Oysters! Yes, All Bivalves ARE Sentient! (Part 2)
5REFERENCES:\n\nLink to the Part 1 video: https://youtu.be/YVssKSax6kw?si=Zk8YoXFAsJiuUrGM \n\n“There is ample science that strongly supports the claim that bivalves have conscious experiences, and are every bit as sentient as other animals.” ― Marc Bekoff, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus of Evolutionary Biology at the University of Colorado, Boulder, author of The Emotional Lives of Animals: A Leading Scientist Explores Animal Joy, Sorrow, and Empathy―and Why They Matter. Available on Amazon, and a new edition will be published in March 2024. Prof. Bekoff graciously agreed to be quoted in this video via email on 31st October 2023. \n\nBivalve anatomy (1): http://faculty.smcm.edu/wihatch/courses/436web/436Images/Animals/436clamGanglia.jpg\n\nBivalve anatomy (2): https://bralanca.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/2/6/26262926/2758710.gif?377\n\nExample of scallop escape behaviour: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBH3UvlZo90&t=0s This escape behaviour, and the neurological process behind it, are discussed in the present video, as well as in the following research paper.\n\n"The high-level control of escape behaviour resides in the cerebral ganglion.” (Conclusion of the research article “Neurobiology of the scallop”.) https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rspb.1981.0011\n\n“The central nervous system in Lumbriculus consists of a cerebral ganglion (or ‘brain’).” https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=5eb89d66ce8e0a2eb959d0c8216ea5bc649dd83d\n\n“Olfactory information is processed in the brain (the cerebral ganglion).” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006899308016156\n\n“The nervous system of the bee includes a cerebral ganglion (brain)”. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-71496-2_17\n\n“The cerebral ganglion (brain)” (three times). https://www.wellesley.edu/sites/default/files/assets/otopalik_et_al_ctr_2012_1.pdf\n\n"Bivalves have a cerebral ganglion (brain) that gives rise to..." https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118316757.ch8\n\n“Acetylcholine level in the brain and other organs of the bivalve Anodonta cygnea L. and its modification by heavy metals” (title). https://europepmc.org/article/med/8493846\n\n“... which has been determined only in the central nervous system of bivalves.” https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01688170.1987.10510324\n\n“The central nervous system (CNS) of oysters…” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0196978112000381\n\n“The central nervous system [of oysters] comprises…” https://frontiersinzoology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12983-018-0259-8
\n“The central nervous system (CNS) of the scallop…” https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/4/2027\n\n“Evidence for nociception does exist in aquatic bivalves.” https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/218/7/967/14518/Pain-in-aquatic-animals\n\n“Prevailing scientific theories in the late 19th and 20th centuries resulted in an almost universal denial of pain perception in infants…. [T]his erroneous conclusion was reached because of the Darwinian view of children as less evolved beings.… Clinical research in the 1980s [overcame] the denial of infant pain.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8975229/#pne212035-bib-0001\n\n“Our results provide clear evidence that bivalves are sensitive to changes in predation risk, and adjust their behaviour accordingly.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376635711002464?via%3Dihub\n\nGood analysis of the issues surrounding bivalve sentience: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwHzjO_44Ig&t=0s\n\nA clam digging into sand (for safety during low tide): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hsBVvlJjNtc&t=0s
\nTwo bivalves fighting: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QkLK3FvQhOM&t=0s\n\n@a-bas-le-ciel @BiteSizeVegan @davidramms @degradedecho8397 @ed.winters @FactsBeFacts @GrumpyVeganGrandad @JoeyCarbstrong @kingkobra9999 @MyBloodyRaven @nancyhey1012 @NoInjusticeLastsForever @PLANTBASEDNEWS @PigsDream @TurningVeganese @VeganofCourse @VerdantJedi \n
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