OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF POWER TRANSFORMERS
5Operation of power transformers involves such processes as external inspection, measuring oil temperature and load, phasing, oil testing, corrective and preventive maintenance, overhauls etc.
Inspection is performed once every six months. It includes checking the level of oil, checking for leaks and inspecting insulators.
Each transformer should be equipped with a thermometer measuring the temperature of the insulation liquid. This parameter should also be recorded into a special logbook.
If the transformer operates long enough, the temperature of the upper oil layers must not exceed 95ºC. At the same time the difference between the temperature of of the oil and the ambient temperature should not be more than 60ºC.
If the transformer is equipped with a thermosiphon filter, adsorbent color should be noted. It is most usually silica gel. Blue color means good adsorption ability, pink means that the sorbent is near exhausted.
Load is measured twice a year. First measurement is taken in May or June when power consumption is minimal, the second measurement is taken in December, at maximum loads.
Before engaging the transformer, the dielectric strength of the transformer oil and its chemical composition must be checked. Also, resistance of the winding to direct current and winding insulation resistance should be checked, breakers and relay protection is tested; the possibility for parallel operation is checked, along with phasing, secondary connection circuits etc.
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