Replacement of \( \mathrm{Cl} \) of chlorobenzene to give phenol requires drastic conditions. Bu...

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Replacement of \( \mathrm{Cl} \) of chlorobenzene to give phenol requires drastic conditions. But chlorine
\( \mathrm{P} \) of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene is readily replaced

VV because
(a) \( \mathrm{NO}_{2} \) donates \( e^{-} \)at meta position
(b) \( \mathrm{NO}_{2} \) withdraws \( e^{-} \)from ortholpara positions
(c) \( \mathrm{NO}_{2} \) makes ring electron rich at ortho and para
(d) \( \mathrm{NO}_{2} \) withdraws \( e^{-} \)from meta position.
(1997)
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