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Rosa Luxemburg, born on March 5, 1871, in Zamosc, Poland (then part of the Russian Empire), was a prominent Marxist revolutionary, philosopher, and political activist. She is widely recognized as one of the most influential figures in the history of socialist and communist movements.

Luxemburg's early political activities began during her student years in Zurich, Switzerland, where she became involved in various socialist organizations and debates. She developed a deep understanding of Marxist theory, particularly emphasizing the importance of the working class in the struggle for social change.

Luxemburg's revolutionary activities and writings focused on challenging the capitalist system and advocating for the self-emancipation of the working class. She strongly believed in the power of mass strikes and direct action as effective means of achieving social and economic justice.

Luxemburg's ideas often clashed with those of other prominent socialist leaders of her time, including Vladimir Lenin. While she shared a common goal of transforming society, she criticized Lenin's approach to revolution, especially his advocacy for a centralized vanguard party. This led to ideological disputes between Luxemburg and the Bolsheviks, particularly during the Russian Revolution.

As a co-founder of the Spartacus League and later the Communist Party of Germany, Luxemburg played a vital role in the German Revolution of 1918-1919. However, her revolutionary activities faced opposition from the conservative forces in Germany, and she was ultimately arrested.

On January 15, 1919, Rosa Luxemburg was brutally murdered by members of the right-wing paramilitary group, the Freikorps. Her tragic death turned her into a martyr for the socialist and communist movements, and her ideas continued to inspire generations of activists and thinkers.

Luxemburg's writings, including her seminal works such as "The Accumulation of Capital" and "The Junius Pamphlet," are still studied and celebrated today for their insightful analysis of capitalism, imperialism, and the potential for revolutionary change. She remains an iconic figure who fought tirelessly for social justice, democracy, and the liberation of the working class


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