Sequelize ORM with NodeJS #11 Difference between Validations and Constraints

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Difference between Validations and Constraints

Validations are checks performed in the Sequelize level, in pure JavaScript. They can be arbitrarily complex if you provide a custom validator function, or can be one of the built-in validators offered by Sequelize. If a validation fails, no SQL query will be sent to the database at all.

On the other hand, constraints are rules defined at SQL level. The most basic example of constraint is an Unique Constraint. If a constraint check fails, an error will be thrown by the database and Sequelize will forward this error to JavaScript (in this example, throwing a SequelizeUniqueConstraintError). Note that in this case, the SQL query was performed, unlike the case for validations.



Validations and constraints are both mechanisms used in databases to ensure data integrity, but they serve slightly different purposes and are implemented at different levels in the database management system (DBMS). Here's a breakdown of the key differences between validations and constraints:

1. Purpose:

Validations: Validations are rules and checks applied to data at the application level to ensure that the data meets specific requirements or rules. They are used to validate data before it is sent to the database. Validation rules are typically defined in your application code or using an Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) like Sequelize.

Constraints: Constraints are rules and checks applied at the database level to enforce data integrity and consistency. They are designed to define and restrict the types of data that can be stored in the database and how different tables are related. Constraints are enforced by the database management system itself.

2. Location:

Validations: Validations are implemented in the application code. You define and apply them when you create or update records using your application's logic and business rules. They are applied before data is sent to the database.

Constraints: Constraints are implemented in the database
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