The Death Of A Star And The Fate Of Its Planet
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Who does not love a sky full of stars, twinkling stars! But what if one night there is not a single star in the sky. It would be all black and pitch dark. There is a high possibility that this hypothetical situation may come true and it might be hard to believe but even a star dies. When a high-mass star is out of hydrogen to burn, it expands and becomes a red supergiant.
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While most stars quietly fade away, the supergiant destroy themselves in a huge explosion, called a supernova. Most stars take millions of years to die. It is observed that the stars that are excessively big and massive live a shorter life than others in general. The death of massive stars can trigger the birth of other stars. And since the sun is a star, it will become a white dwarf when it will be dying surrounded by the decaying remnants of planets, asteroids, and comets. Now you must be wondering that what is a white dwarf. A white dwarf is a dead star which is also known as degenerate dwarf and is a stellar core remnant composed mostly of electron-degenerate matter. They are hot and dense remnants of long-dead stars. They are the stellar cores left behind after a star has exhausted its fuel supply and blown its bulk of gas and dust into space. Degenerate matter has other uncommon properties. For example, the more giant a white dwarf is, the smaller it is. This is because the more mass a white dwarf has, the more its electrons must come together to maintain outward pressure to support the extra mass. We will soon have a complete video explaining a white dwarf, so stay tuned to the channel. Also we have a playlist, “everything about stars”, be sure to take a look into it.
To help scientists understand our galaxy’s youth and the birth of the solar system and possibly spill the beans to the world of how it all began, we have NASA’s Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) space telescope. WISE enables a great variety of studies ranging from the evolution of protoplanetary debris discs to the history of star formation in usual galaxies. It surveyed the sky in four wavelengths of the infrared band, at an elevated sensitivity. WISE's main aim was to find objects that had not been captured before, including very bright luminous galaxies, super cold stars, and nearby asteroids and comets. So just like all the other times, astronomers discovered their first debris disk surrounding a white dwarf by accident. Eric Becklin and Ben Zuckerman from the University of California, Los Angeles, found it while searching for another unfamiliar object in the astronomical zoo: a brown dwarf. A brown dwarf is a type of substellar object that has a mass between the most massive gas giant planets and the least massive stars, approximately 13 to 80 times that of Jupiter. They were first noticed in the year 1963 by an American astronomer Shiv Kumar, who named them “black” dwarf. Later on an American astronomer Jill Tarter proposed the name “brown dwarf” in 1975 even though they didn't appear brown in colour. They are also referred as failed stars because they do not procure enough mass to trigger sustained nuclear fusion of ordinary hydrogen into helium in their cores. Unlike stars brown dwarf never reach stable luminosities by thermonuclear fusion of normal hydrogen. Despite their name they would appear in different colours from our naked eyes depending on their temperature.
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