Journey Aboard A Soyuz To The ISS: A Nightmare Or A Dream?
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Imagine You, aboard a Soyuz launched to the ISS. A nightmare or a dream?
Close your eyes for a moment and try to imagine that one day next spring you will be one of the astronauts who will leave from the Baikonur cosmodrome to reach the International Space Station( ISS). With you will be Russian cosmonauts Sergei Korsakov and Ivan Vagner. You will stay on the ISS until next October, but before reaching your new home you will have to face the longest nine minutes of your life.
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The Baikonur Cosmodrome, operated by the Russian Federation, is located in the middle of the steppes of Kazakhstan and is a launch base from which you leave to reach the International Space Station.
The complex is located about 200 kilometers from the Aral Sea. It was built at the time of the Soviet Union and is the oldest launch base in the world, full of history and stories related to space exploration: from Baikonur departed in 1957 the Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, in 1958 the first living being launched into space, the famous dog Laika, in 1961 Yuri Gagarin, the first man to fly in space, and in 1963 the first woman: Valentina Tereškova.
The entire area destined for the cosmodrome measures about six thousand square kilometers, with buildings and infrastructures of various types, such as large hangars where rocket launchers are assembled and living areas for technicians and engineers. More separate, the living quarters of the European and American astronauts, who, like you, arrive in Kazakhstan a couple of weeks before the launch and are kept in partial isolation, to finish their preparation and prevent them from catching any illnesses.
Things are different for Russian cosmonauts, who reside inside the cosmodrome for years and study, learn, repeat and perfect the procedures necessary to guide their assigned spacecraft in any situation.
But here you are just passing through. You have done your training elsewhere and you will only be on the base for a fortnight, just long enough to familiarise yourself with the capsule cabin and the launch and safety procedures.
The capsule that will take you to the ISS is a Soyuz, which is one of the most reliable Russian spacecrafts ever deployed in space. Each one can carry up to three astronauts and consists of three modules. The service module, the orbital module and the reentry module. The orbital module is the upper part and carries the equipment needed for docking to the ISS. The service module is the lower part and also carries the telecommunications equipment, altitude control and solar panels. The reentry module is located in the middle, and is what the astronauts occupy, during launch: a single room of only 4 cubic meters. The journey to the ISS, as we will see, can last six hours or two days, depending on the mission profile. The return one takes only three hours.
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