The End Of The World? It Will Come Much Sooner Than They Have Always Told Us
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Will this be true? And even if it is, what implications might this discovery have for us?
Let's try to find out, by first doing a brief summary of the evolution of the Earth's atmosphere from its origins to the present day and when the world will end. The end of the world will come.
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The air we breathe, and that together with us breathes almost all the creatures living on Earth, is a gaseous mixture without equal in the solar system. Aside from water vapor, which can be found in widely varying amounts, air is made up of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and carbon dioxide (0.03%), with other gases present only in trace amounts.
The primordial atmosphere was then replaced by a second atmosphere, composed mainly by water vapor and carbon dioxide. These gases were emitted in large quantities by volcanic eruptions, a phenomenon much more frequent on Earth at that time than it is in our era, given the vigorous geological activity of the young planet. The enormous quantities of water vapor emitted led to the unleashing of rains that lasted for millennia, and that had two main effects, decisive for the subsequent evolution of biotic forms: they lowered the surface temperature and formed the oceans.
The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide underwent a drastic reduction because it was largely absorbed by the waters of the oceans, a process that has vital importance for the Biosphere even today. Some of the carbon dioxide was removed through chemical reactions that led to the formation of carbonates in rock sedimentation. But enough carbon dioxide remained in the atmosphere (about 300 times more than now) to create a greenhouse effect so intense that the oceans did not freeze. The consequence was that the earth was much warmer than it is now and the polar ice caps did not appear until 2.5 billion years ago.
The third type of atmosphere was formed about 2-3 billion years ago (when life was already beginning to spread and differentiate), with a massive presence of carbon dioxide and still very little oxygen.
In the meantime, nitrogen, due to its poor chemical reactivity, had retained its initial, albeit modest, concentration, but as a result of the drastic reduction of water vapor and carbon dioxide, it became the main component of the atmosphere (78%), a position it retains to this day.
Then the fourth and final change occurred. Oxygen atoms combined to create an ozone layer that began to absorb most of the UV rays, which are known to be harmful to life. So much so that it was only after the formation of the ozonosphere that the first forms of plant life appeared on earth in the form of green algae.
The same problem faces astronomers and planetary scientists today: what kind of exoplanets should we target, and what is a reliable biosignature of alien life? Habitability is not just a place around a star but a time in a planet’s evolution, and we must remain aware that we are limited to what we can see right now.
The future of our atmosphere bears a strong resemblance to its distant past: low in oxygen, rich in methane (if not carbon dioxide) with the possibility of organic hazes. As the authors of the new study suggest, using Earth as an analog we might need to think more broadly about which gases to look for in exoplanet atmospheres and that we may need to rethink our interpretations of what those gases may indicate.
We need to better understand the history of our own atmosphere’s evolution over time. Only then will we be better placed to determine whether there is life living in the glare of other suns.
I think this is the only lesson that this news is able to give us at the moment. What do you think about it?
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