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Tollen's reagent is used for the detection of the aldehyde when solution of \( \mathrm{AgNO}_{3} \) is added to glucose with \( \mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH} \) then gluconic acid is formed
\[
\mathrm{Ag}^{+}+e^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Ag} ; \quad E_{\mathrm{red}}^{\circ}=0.8 \mathrm{~V}
\]
\( \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \longrightarrow \) Gluconic acid \( \left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{7}\right)+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}+2 e^{-} ; \quad E_{\text {oxd }}^{0}=-0.05 \mathrm{~V} \)
\( \mathrm{Ag}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2}^{+}+e^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Ag}(s)+2 \mathrm{NH}_{3} ; E_{\text {red }}^{\circ}=0.337 \mathrm{~V} \quad \) [Use \( 2.303 \times \frac{R T}{F}=0.0591 \) and \( \frac{F}{R T}=38.92 \) at \( 298 \mathrm{~K} \) ]
The equilibrium constant for the redox change;
\( \left[2 \mathrm{Ag}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2}^{+}+\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \longrightarrow \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12}^{-} \mathrm{O}_{7}+2 \mathrm{Ag}(s)+\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{2}+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}\right] \)is :
(A) \( 5.15 \times 10^{9} \)
(B) \( 4.2 \times 10^{5} \)
(C) \( 1.72 \times 10^{-11} \)
(D) \( 4.2 \times 10^{-5} \)
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