04 Jan 2022. Part 3; Pre-Seismic Activity; Giving meaning to unusual animal behavior prior to EQs.
304 Jan 2022. Pre-Earthquake Activity; Giving Meaning To Unusual Animal Behavior Prior To Earthquakes_Part 3 extract; Full text, uncorrected version.
Part 3: FULL TEXT OF ARTICLE: Giving meaning to unusual animal behavior prior to earthquakes ; FINAL FULL PAPER HERS WORKSHOP, by Djokowoerjo Sastradipradja
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UNUSUAL PRE-EARTHQUAKE ANIMAL BEHAVIOR
Noticable numbers of unusual behavior of animals have been observed at the Indonesian Safari Park (TSI) Cisarua-Bogor, 10-15 minutes prior to the 7.3 Richter Scale earthquake of West Java on September 2nd, 2009 [4]. Earthworms surfaced in large numbers out of their burial grounds accompanied the Yogyakarta earthquake of May 27th 2006 [5]. These stories add to the accumulated global anecdotal reports on the subject, mostly in newspapers, since antiquity, but recent studies in many reputable laboratories indicate that these unusual natural phenomena may have a scientific background and application to use the phenomena for earthquake prediction is warranted. It was with this objective in mind that the AIPI-Commissions for basic science and of culture have reviewed the issue and reported the results in bookform entitled (English translation) “Giving Meaning to Unusual Animal Behavior Before Earthquakes”[7].
The earliest reference we have to unusual animal behavior prior to a significant earthquake is from Greece in 373 BC. Rats, snakes, and centipedes reportedly left their homes and headed for safety several days before a destructive earthquake. Anecdotal evidence florisshes of animals, fish, birds, reptiles, and insects demonstrating strange behavior anywhere from weeks to seconds prior to an earthquake. Consistent and reliable behavior prior to seismic events, and a mechanism explaining how it could work, still puzzles us, however. Most of the scientists interested in revealing this mystery reside in China or Japan [1].
The cause of unusual animal behavior seconds before humans feel an earthquake can be easily explained. Very few humans notice the smaller P wave that travels the fastest from the earthquake source and arrives before the larger S wave. But many animals with more sharpened senses are able to feel the P wave seconds before the S wave arrives. As for sensing an impending earthquake days or weeks before it occurs, another explanation must be given.
In the US, an alleged theory once grew quite popularly, that there was a correlation between Lost Pet adverticements in the San Jose Mercury News and the dates of earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay area [6]. A thorough statistical analysis of this theory, published in California Geology in 1988, concluded that there was no such correlation, however [8]. Another article published in the US on this subject by a respected scientist [9] is summarized along the following lines. The article poses the question: Is it reasonable for a seismic-escape behavior pattern to evolve, and can such a genetic system be maintained despite selection pressures operating on the time scales of damaging seismic events? All animals instinctively respond to escape from predators and to preserve their lives. A wide variety of vertebrates already express “early warning” behaviors that we understand for other types of events, so it’s possible that a seismic-escape response could have evolved from this already-existing genetic prearrangement. An instinctive response following a P-wave seconds before a larger S wave is not a big jump as you might say, but what about other precursors that may occur days or weeks before an earthquake that we don’t yet know about? If indeed there are precursors to a significant earthquake that we have yet to learn about (such as ground tilting, groundwater changes, electrical or magnetic field variations), indeed it’s possible that some animals could sense these signals and connect the perception with an impending earthquake.
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Source Link: FULL PAPER HERS WORKSHOP, Giving meaning to unusual animal behavior prior to earthquakes, Jakarta, 8-9 December 2015 Commission for Culture ( https://www.academia.edu/20394027/FINAL_FULL_PAPER_HERS_WORKSHOP_Giving_meaning_to_unusual_animal_behavior_prior_to_earthquakes?email_work_card=view-paper )
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