2 SHOTS NEEDED FOR A POSSIBLE CORONA VIRUS VACCINE
12 SHOTS NEEDED FOR A POSSIBLE CORONA VIRUS VACCINE
Operation Warp Speed, the federal government's effort to get a vaccine on the market, has given money to six pharmaceutical companies.
Two of those companies, Moderna and Pfizer, are now in Phase 3, large-scale clinical trials. The 30,000 volunteers in each of the trials are getting two doses, with Moderna spacing their shots out 28 days apart and Pfizer spacing theirs out by 21 days.
AstraZeneca is expected to start Phase 3 trials this month. Their Phase 1 and Phase 2 trials used two doses given 28 days apart.
Novavax also has yet to begin Phase 3 trials but used two doses in their earlier trials.
In Johnson & Johnson's upcoming Phase 3 trials, some participants will take one dose and others will take two doses.
Sanofi hasn't made announcements about whether their vaccine will be in one or two doses.
It's not surprising that the coronavirus vaccine will likely need two doses. Many vaccines -- including childhood vaccines for chickenpox and Hepatitis A and an adult vaccine for shingles -- require two doses.
Some require even more -- children get five doses of the DTaP vaccine, which protects them against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.
CORONA VIRUS VACCINE TRACKER
Pre-clinical
vaccines not yet in human trials 139
Phase 1
vaccines in small-scale safety trials 25
Phase 2
vaccines in expanded safety trials 15
Phase 3
vaccines in large-scale efficacy trials 7
Approved
vaccines approved for general use 0
Recent vaccine news
AstraZeneca has started trials for a drug which could work as a preventative option for healthy people or slow the disease’s progression in those who are already infected. a week ago
Russian health authorities have approved a coronavirus vaccine which has yet to complete clinical trials. 3 weeks ago
How are vaccines tested?
In the pre-clinical stage of testing, researchers give the vaccine to animals to see if it triggers an immune response.
In phase 1 of clinical testing, the vaccine is given to a small group of people to determine whether it is safe and to learn more about the immune response it provokes.
In phase 2, the vaccine is given to hundreds of people so scientists can learn more about its safety and correct dosage.
In phase 3, the vaccine is given to thousands of people to confirm its safety – including rare side effects – and effectiveness. These trials involve a control group which is given a placebo.
Vaccines in clinical trials
University of Oxford/AstraZeneca
BioNTech/Fosun Pharma/Pfizer
Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm
Moderna/NIAID
Sinovac
Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm
CanSino Biologics Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology
Novavax
Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc
Arcturus/Duke-NUS
Cadila Healthcare Limited
Osaka University/ AnGes/ Takara Bio
Bharat Biotech
Inovio Pharmaceuticals/ International Vaccine Institute
Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies
Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical/Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Genexine Consortium
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Curevac
University of Queensland/CSL/Seqirus
Vaxine Pty Ltd/Medytox
People's Liberation Army (PLA) Academy of Military Sciences/Walvax Biotech.
Medicago Inc.
Imperial College London
Institute Pasteur/Themis/Univ. of Pittsburgh CVR/Merck Sharp & Dohme
Instituto Finlay de Vacunas, Cuba
Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation/NIAID/Dynavax
Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./GSK/Dynavax
ReiThera/LEUKOCARE/Univercells
Gamaleya Research Institute
University of Melbourne/Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
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