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All nuclei consist of two types of particles-protons and neutrons. Nuclear force is the strongest force. Stability of nucleus is determined by the neutron-proton ratio or mass defect or binding energy per nucleus or packing fraction. Shape of nucleus is calculated by quadrupole moment. Spin of nucleus depends on even or odd mass number. Volume of nucleus depends on the mass number. Whole mass of the atom (nearly \( 99 \% \) ) is centered at the nucleus. Magnetic moment of the nucleus is measured in terms of the nuclear magnetons.
Volume \( (V) \) of the nucleus is related to mass number \( (A) \) as
(1) \( V \propto A^{2} \)
(2) \( V \propto A^{1 / 3} \)
(3) \( V \propto A^{2 / 3} \)
(4) \( V \propto A \)
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