Catlinite

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Published on January 17, 2022 7:20:18 AM ● Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3yOjHcc1pg

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Catlinite, by Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1008505 / CC BY SA 3.0

#Native_American_sculpture
#Native_American_religion
#Hardstone_carving
#Pipestone_County,_Minnesota
Native American, Plains （unidentified）.
Pipe Bowl representing Owl, early 20th century.
Catlinite or pipestone, 3 3⁄4 × 5 3⁄8 in.
（9.5 × 13.7 cm）.
Brooklyn Museum Protohistoric Catlinite pipe, probably late 17th century Ioway, from the Wanampito site in Iowa.
Catlinite, also called pipestone, is a type of argillite （metamorphosed mudstone）, usually brownish-red in color, which occurs in a matrix of Sioux Quartzite.
Because it is fine-grained and easily worked, it is prized by Native Americans, primarily those of the Plains nations for use in making ceremonial pipes, known as chanunpas or čhaŋnúŋpas in the Lakota language.
Pipestone quarries are located and preserved in Pipestone National Monument outside Pipestone, Minnesota, in Pipestone County, Minnesota, and at the Pipestone River in Ontario, Canada.
The term Catlinite came into use after the American painter George Catlin visited the quarries in Minnesota in 1835; but it was Philander Prescott who first wrote about the rock in 1832,
noting that evidence indicated that American Indians had been using the quarries since at least as far back as 1637.
Ceremonial pipe bowl of catlinite used by Black Hawk, on display at Black Hawk State Historic Site in Illinois.
Minnesota catlinite is buttery smooth and can be cut with a regular hacksaw or even a knife.
It comes out of the ground a pinkish color often with a cream layer protecting it from the hard quartzite.
It is weaker and more subject to breaking under stress than Utah pipestone.
Most catlinite deposits exist beneath the level of groundwater or are in deep enough layers where the soil is constantly moist as the iron compounds
which give catlinite its red color quickly convert into iron oxides when exposed to the elements and the stone degrades and breaks down.
The red catlinite from...