Fate/Extella Link II Servant Class (Caster) II Archimedes
0Fate/Extella Link II Servant Class (Caster) II Archimedes
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Archimedes Lore: Originally, Archimedes lived around c. 287 - c. 212 BC as a mathematician, engineer, and astronomer. He was born to a line of artists, and took up astronomy just as his father did before him. At the time of his death in the year c. 212 BC, he resided in the city of Syracuse, located on the eastern coast of current-day Sicily. Archimedes' famous achievements involve a range of geometrical theorems from "On the Equilibrium of Planes", "On the Measurement of a Circle", and "On the Sphere and Cylinder", as well as "Archimedes' cattle problem" in Diophantine analysis.
While his peers considered him a genius, they also considered him rather strange. Archimedes lived in proud seclusion far from Alexandria, the hotbed of academic pursuits at the time, and preferred written correspondence to face-to-face dialogue. Most scholars of his era treasured recognition just as much as discovery, and basked in the praise of the citizens around them. Archimedes had no such interest, and was said to have been fixated on the beauty and accuracy of his own theorems.
Archimedes was also the cornerstone of Syracuse's defenses, as he was even more talented as an engineer than he was a mathematician. The seaside city-state relied on his supreme war machines far more than it did on ordinary soldiers. Plutarch wrote in his Parallel Lives that Archimedes was related to King Hiero II, the ruler of Syracuse. It is easy to imagine how he ended up in the position of chief engineer tasked with the defense of the city-state. Archimedes' fame as an engineer was known throughout the land from early on. The ancient Greek historian Polybius, born in c. 200 BC, wrote a following account in his Universal History some seventy years after Archimedes' death.
If you were to see these works, you would easily understand how the intelligence of a single human being can bring about something amazing if they are given proper stage. In truth, the Roman armies who had shown overwhelming might on the planes of both ground and sea were convinced that they would be able to conquer the city-state of Syracuse should just that single old man disappear. However, as long as Archimedes existed, and his methods of protecting Syracuse were in place, they would fear to tread anywhere near the city's walls.
(Polybius)
Many of the defense mechanisms Archimedes invented effectively demolished a variety of would-be invaders. However, in the year of c. 212.
Syracuse formed an alliance with Carthage in the Second Punic War against the Romans, and so Syracuse and Rome became enemies. Consequently, a Roman force led by the General Marcus Claudius Marcellus laid siege to the port city by both land and sea. Archimedes' fortifications effectively repelled invaders, but the city fell to treachery, and Archimedes lost his life in the aftermath. However, his story comes to an end after the siege, rather than during it.
Archimedes' name was well known to the Romans, and the victorious General Marcellus sent out orders that the scholar was not to be harmed. According to popular account given by Plutarch in his heroic tale Parallel Lives, Arcimedes was contemplating a mathematical diagram when the city was captured. A Roman soldier commanded him to come along, but he declined, saying that he had to finish working on the problem. The soldier then flew into a rage and killed Archimedes with his sword. (Plutarch calls this story a mere rumor, and clarifies that there were other rumors as well, like one stating that Archimedes was killed because the soldier thought the technical drawings in his possession would be valuable spoils of war.)
It is said that Archimedes' last words, uttered to the soldier who stopped him while he was drawing geometric configurations in the study, were "μή μου τούς κύκλους τάραττε" meaning "Do not step on my figures/Do not disturb my circles!" Despite those last words being well known, they are not noted in Parallel Lives, and their source remains a mystery.
A bit of trivia: When the Roman orator and politician Marcus Tullius Cicero was serving as a quaestor in Sicily in c. 75 BC, he reported finding the tomb of Archimedes near Agrigentine gate in Syracuse, clearly neglected and overgrown with bushes. It is said that the tomb contained a sculpture illustrating the late scholar's favorite proof, consisting of a sphere and a cylinder of the same height and diameter. This was one of the greatest mathematical accomplishments of his life.
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