History of Halloween explained
40Halloween has had a long and massive change from it's creation, coming from a holiday in celebration of the dead to the more child friendly tat decor and outfits that is common today, but what caused this influx of changes? What is the history of Halloween?
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By the mid first century ACE. The Roman Empire had conquered the majority of Celtic territory in the British Isles. Over the course of four hundred years, two Roman festivals were combined with the Celtic celebration. The first was Feralia, a day in late October when the Romans commemorated the passing of the dead. The second was to honor Pomona, the Roman goddess of fruit and trees. The symbol of Pomona is the apple, and the incorporation of this celebration into explains the tradition of bobbing for apples that was practiced widely until recent years.
With the expansion of Christianity, the early church had numerous feasts and times of prayer such as at Christmas and at Easter. With the Consecration of the Pantheon in Rome on May the 13th 609. Pope Boniface IV decreed the day as one in honor of all Christian martyrs, dubbed All Hallows, which had been practiced by many churches at various dates. Pope Gregory III later expanded the festival to include all saints as well as all martyrs, and moved the observance from May 13 to November 1 the same day as Samhain, and the feast landing the night prior.
By the late 12th century, these days, later refereed to as Allhallowtide had been treated as holy days of obligation where the faithful are expected to attend Mass, and engage in rest from work and recreation. During this time, criers paraded the streets, ringing a bell and calling on all good Christians to remember the poor souls. In combination to this, Groups of poor people, often children, would go door-to-door during Allhallowtide, collecting soul cakes in exchange for praying for the dead,. Soul cakes would also be offered for the souls themselves to eat, as a sacrifice to the dead, with the children acting as representatives. The distribution of soul cakes was encouraged by the church as a way to replace the ancient practice of leaving food and wine for roaming spirits. The practice, was referred to as “going a-souling”.
Not only is this the possibility for the orgins of for Trick-or-Treat, but the costume tradition as well. "It was traditionally believed that the souls of the departed wandered the earth until All Hallows' Eve where it provided one last chance for the dead to gain vengeance on their enemies before moving to the next world. In order to avoid being recognized by any soul that might be seeking such vengeance, people would don masks or costumes to disguise their identities. By the 16th century, this practice became rather common on the British Isles, outside of England, an incorporated into Samhain to some degree. Mumming and guising involved people going from house to house in costume, usually reciting songs or verses in exchange for food, borrowing from the tradition of the Aos Si, and acting as representatives on the spirits behave. Various other traditions were common all across Europe, but normally much more localized within the given area or country.
Following the settlement of the Americas, celebration of Halloween wasn't common across what would be the United States. The New England states were much more strict in their Protestantism belief system, so celebration in the Southern states and Maryland were common. Colonial celebrations mixed to some degree with Native celebrations as well, making a more unique form of Halloween Celebration. The first celebrations included public events to celebrate the harvest known as play parties, where neighbors would share stories of the dead, tell each other’s fortunes, dance, sing and around cause mischief, which had become common around Europe during the early 19th century. Nationally, an annual holiday in the Autumn was the norm, but Halloween itself wasn't widely practiced, normally, it was limited to pockets of immigrants, especially from the British Isles and Germany. The massive amount of Irish immigration in the 1850's, was one of the main drivers of Halloween being celebrated all across the country.