Pre-treatment and Classification of Cathode Active Material from Used Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs)
0Pre-treatment and Classification of Cathode Active Material from Used Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs)
Layman Abstract : Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in electric cars and portable devices because they are lightweight, have a high energy capacity, and last a long time. However, as more of these batteries are used, more are also being discarded, which poses a serious environmental and health risk due to their toxic materials like Cobalt, Manganese, and harmful electrolytes.
To address this issue, researchers are developing safe and cost-effective recycling methods to make battery disposal more sustainable. In this study, used lithium batteries were:
Soaked in a diluted salt (sodium chloride) solution to help break them down.
Manually taken apart into key components like the cathode, anode, plastic casing, and electrolyte.
Chemically treated to separate valuable metals from the cathode material.
Analyzed using advanced techniques (X-ray and infrared analysis) to study the metal content and other materials.
The results showed that harmful substances like Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and Diethyl carbonate (DEC) can be safely removed at high temperatures. The metal analysis revealed that the treated cathode material contained 61.72% Cobalt, 12.11% Nickel, and 9.64% Manganese, making it useful for recycling.
This study proves that thermal treatment can effectively remove unwanted chemicals and recover valuable metals, helping make battery recycling safer and more efficient for the future.
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Original Abstract : In portable devices and electric cars, lithium batteries have become more common due to their benefits in environmentally friendly operations, high energy density, extended storage life compact volume, lightweight, vast range of application temperatures, and low self-release of power efficiency. The development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for use in electric vehicles, portable electronic devices, and energy-storage devices has resulted in an increase in the quantity of used LIBs. The environment and public health are seriously endangered by the hazardous metals found in spent LIBs, for example, Cobalt and Manganese metals, with a poisonous caustic electrolyte, and binders of organic origin. Based on these factors, procedures for recycling LIBs that are efficient, affordable, also benign to the environment are being developed in order to ensure a long-term sustainable future solution. In this research, used lithium batteries were released into a sodium chloride solution with a lower concentration, manual dismantling of LIBs components, and separations of components such as cathode, anode, plastic casing, separators, and electrolyte. Also, the dissolution of cathode material in sodium hydroxide solutions and finally characterized the cathode electrode, using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) particles in raw cathode material, detected by Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, were effectively thermally decomposed at 464.98 °C and 150 °C respectively. The XRF analysis of thermally treated cathode material powder showed the presence of: 61.72 % of Co, 12.11 % of Ni, 9.64 % of Mn, and 16.53 % of other components. The FT-IR analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, clearly showed the presence of Polyvinylidene fluoride and Diethyl carbonate, this can be successfully eliminated through thermal disintegration as evidenced by TGA analysis.
View Book: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v10/3636
#Lithium_ion_Batteries_LIBs #Cathode_Active_Material_CAM #Polyvinylidene_Fluoride_PVDF #Diethyl_Carbonate_DEC #Polytetrafluoroethylene_PTFE