Like what Konami did with Gradius and Nemesis, Taito used the localized name of an earlier game in the series (Darius II) as the name for a totally different game on the Game Boy. Even then, this game had only been released in Japan. Glad that R-Type didn't get a similar treatment... it's the exact same game on the handheld.
The game plays a lot like the first Darius game. There aren't forked paths or a zone selection screen, so all zones are played in the same order. The ending you get depends on the difficulty selected.