Top 10 Tardigrade Discoveries of 2021
728Tardigrades are micro animals found worldwide. They are the some of the most resilient organisms on the planet as they are able to survive in mud volcanoes, against the pressures of the deep sea, the freezing temps of the Antarctic, without oxygen, under high levels of usually fatal radiation, lack of water, lack of food, and in the vacuum of space. They are related to most other creepy crawlies who shed their exoskeletons in order to grow – the insects, myriapods, crustaceans, arachnids, onychophorans, and nematodes - but comprise their own phylum of over 1300 known species ranging from 0.1 millimeters to 1.5 millimeters in length. Each year plenty of discoveries are made about these cute little bags of water so here are 10 of the most important and coolest ones of the last year.
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RESEARCH
Tardigrades exhibit robust interlimb coordination across walking speeds and terrains. Jasmine A. Nirody, Lisset A. Duran, Deborah Johnston, Daniel J. Cohen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Aug 2021, 118 (35) e2107289118; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107289118
Mapalo Marc A., Robin Ninon, Boudinot Brendon E., Ortega-Hernández Javier and Barden Phillip 2021A tardigrade in Dominican amberProc. R. Soc. B.2882021176020211760. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1760
arXiv:2112.07978
The tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris has the active mitochondrial alternative oxidase that could be studied at animal organismal level. Wojciechowska D, Roszkowska M, Kaczmarek Ł, Jarmuszkiewicz W, Karachitos A, et al. (2021) The tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris has the active mitochondrial alternative oxidase that could be studied at animal organismal level. PLOS ONE 16(8): e0244260. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244260
Hara Y, Shibahara R, Kondo K, Abe W, Kunieda T. 2021 Parallel evolution of trehalose production machinery in anhydrobiotic animals via recurrent gene loss and horizontal transfer. Open Biol. 11: 200413. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.200413
Vecchi, M., Kossi Adakpo, L., Dunn, R. R., Nichols, L. M., Penick, C. A., Sanders, N. J., Rebecchi, L., & Guidetti, R. (2021). The toughest animals of the Earth versus global warming: Effects of long-term experimental warming on tardigrade community structure of a temperate deciduous forest. Ecology and Evolution, 11, 9856– 9863. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7816
Alejandra Traspas and Mark J. Burchell. Astrobiology.Jul 2021.845-852.http://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2020.2405
M. Roszkowska, D. Wojciechowska, H. Kmita, S. Cerbin, M. K. Dziuba, E. Fiałkowska, R. Sobkowiak, W. Szydło & Ł. Kaczmarek (2021) Tips and tricks how to culture water bears: simple protocols for culturing eutardigrades (Tardigrada) under laboratory conditions, The European Zoological Journal, 88:1, 449-465, DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2021.1881631
Nadja Møbjerg, Ricardo Cardoso Neves, New insights into survival strategies of tardigrades, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Volume 254, 2021, 110890, ISSN 1095-6433, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110890.
Kenta Sugiura & Midori Matsumoto (2021) Sexual reproductive behaviours of tardigrades: a review, Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 65:4, 279-287, DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2021.1990142
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Hashtags - #Tardigrade
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