What Are Solar Eclipses, How Do They Work And Where You Can See Them
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The total eclipses of the Sun are among the most majestic and exciting spectacles that nature is able to offer us, and astronomy enthusiasts are often willing to make long journeys around the globe to reach the areas where the total eclipse of Sun is visible.
But why is it necessary to move to enjoy the spectacle of a total solar eclipse? Why are total solar eclipses observable only from some places on Earth and not from the whole diurnal hemisphere?
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In general, an eclipse is the temporary darkening of a celestial body by another celestial body that intercepts all or part of the light coming from the first celestial body. From the Earth we can admire two types of eclipses: eclipse of the Moon and eclipse of the Sun.
Moon eclipses occur when the Earth is interposed between the Sun and the Moon in the phase of full moon, so the eclipsed body is the Moon. Sun eclipses, on the other hand, occur when the Moon in the new moon phase intervenes between the Sun and the Earth, so in this case the Sun is the eclipsed body.
If the plane of the lunar orbit around the Earth lay exactly on the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun (or the plane of the ecliptic), there would be a solar eclipse at each new moon, and a Moon eclipse (in which it is the Earth to be between the Sun and the Moon) at each full moon, so in a month we could see two eclipses, one of the Sun and one of the Moon. But in reality the plane of the lunar orbit is inclined by about 5 degrees with respect to the plane of ecliptic, so the earth's orbit and the lunar one intersect in two points called nodes: an ascending node in which the Moon begins to travel the portion of its orbit above the Earth's orbit, and a descending node in which the Moon begins to travel the part of the orbit below the ecliptic. The line joining the descending and ascending nodes is known as the line of nodes.
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