Why did the James Web Space Telescope (JWST) launch on Ariane 5, and not a ULA or SpaceX rocket?

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I've seen the question Why didn't JWST launch on a NASA vehicle, or SpaceX, or ULA, etc all over the internet. Let's look at how the Ariane 5 was uniquely capable of launching this telescope to its proper orbit, and discuss some of the alternatives, like Falcon Heavy, Delta Heavy, or Atlas V 551, and how this Christmas day launch worked out for JWST!

I used images from ULA, Ariane Space, NASA, and ESA for this, as well as screen shots of NASA's Launch Vehicle Performance Calculator, which is an amazing tool! https://elvperf.ksc.nasa.gov

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Tags:
space
space exploration
rocket science
space science
space engineering
educational