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Like &subscribe👍🙏💖🥳Wood carving is a form of woodworking by means of a cutting tool (knife) in one hand or a chisel by two hands or with one hand on a chisel and one hand on a mallet, resulting in a wooden figure or figurine, or in the sculptural ornamentation of a wooden object. The phrase may also refer to the finished product, from individual sculptures to hand-worked mouldings composing part of a tracery.


Woodcarver at work

Wood sculpture made by Alexander Grabovetskiy

Carved tree with reliefs of dinosaur and other animals, Laos

Carved wooden cranes

Finely carved wooden door in the Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia
The making of sculpture in wood has been extremely widely practised, but doesn't survive undamaged as well as the other main materials like stone and bronze, as it is vulnerable to decay, insect damage, and fire. Therefore, it forms an important hidden element in the art history of many cultures.[1] Outdoor wood sculptures do not last long in most parts of the world, so it is still unknown how the totem pole tradition developed. Many of the most important sculptures of China and Japan, in particular, are in wood, and so are the great majority of African sculpture and that of Oceania and other regions. Wood is light and can take very fine detail so it is highly suitable for masks and other sculpture intended to be worn or carried. It is also much easier to work on than stone.[citation needed]

Some of the finest extant examples of early European wood carving are from the Middle Ages in Germany, Russia, Italy and France, where the typical themes of that era were Christian iconography. In England, many complete examples remain from the 16th and 17th century, where oak was the preferred medium.

The oldest wood carved sculpture, the Shigir Idol carved from larch, is around 12,000 years old.

Methods and styles
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Chip carving
Relief carving
Scandinavian flat-plane
Lovespoon
Treen
Whittling
Chainsaw carving
Florentine carving
Techniques
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Pattern, Blocking, Detailing, Surfacing, and Smoothening

Tools
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A selection of woodcarving hand tools: 3 fishtail gouges, a v-parting tool, 4 straight gouges, 3 spoon gouges, and a carvers mallet

Desay Madu Jhya (window) in Kathmandu, Nepal is a specimen of
Basic tool set
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the carving knife: a specialized knife used to pare, cut, and smooth wood.
the gouge: a tool with a curved cutting edge used in a variety of forms and sizes for carving hollows, rounds and sweeping curves.[2]
the coping saw: a small saw that is used to cut off chunks of wood at once.
the chisel: large and small, whose straight cutting edge is used for lines and cleaning up flat surfaces.[2]
the V-tool: used for parting, and in certain classes of flat work for emphasizing lines.
the U-Gauge: a specialized deep gouge with a U-shaped cutting edge.
sharpening equipment, such as various stones and a strop: necessary for maintaining edges.
A special screw for fixing work to the workbench, and a mallet, complete the carvers kit, though other tools, both specialized and adapted, are often used, such as a router for bringing grounds to a uniform level, bent gouges and bent chisels for cutting hollows too deep for the ordinary tool.[2]

Terminology
Term Definition
Gouge Carving tool with a curved cutting edge. The most used category of carving tools.
Sweep The curvature of the cutting edge of a carving gouge. A lower number (like #3) indicates a shallow, flat sweep while a high number (like #9) is used for a deeply curved gouge.
Veiner A small deep gouge with a U-shaped cutting edge. Usually #11 sweep.
Fluter A larger #11 sweep gouge with a U-shaped cutting edge.
Sloyd knife A whittling knife having a strong, blade slightly shorter than the handle (around 5 inches), suitable for marking or carving.
Chisel A carving tool with a straight cutting edge (usually termed #1 sweep) at right angles (or square too) the sides of the blade.
Skew chisel A chisel with the edge at a "skew" or angle relative the sides of the blade. Often termed #2 sweep in the Sheffield list or #1s in continental lists.
V-tool A carving tool with a V-shaped cutting edge.[3] Used for outlining and decorative cuts. Referred to as 'the carvers pencil' by old-time professional carvers.
Parting tool
Long bent A gouge, chisel or V tool where the blade is curved along its entire length. Handy for deep work.
Short bent A gouge, chisel or V tool where the blade is straight with a curve at the end, like a spoon. Use for work in deep or inaccessible areas. Spoon gouges were often referred to as 'tracery tools' which indicates their use in the type of decorative carving found in churches
Spoon
Fishtail A gouge or chisel with a straight, narrow shank that flares out at the end to form a "fishtail" shaped tool. The narrow shaft of the tool allows for clearance in tight areas.
Back bent A spoon gouge with a reverse bent end. Used for undercuts and reeding work.
Palm tools Short (5"), stubby tools used