A “perfect” sphere in the depths of the Milky Way: The mystery of Teleios.
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A “perfect” sphere in the depths of the Milky Way: The mystery of Teleios.
Our universe is full of round objects: planets, stars, satellites… They all have a spherical structure by nature. However, astronomers have detected an unusually perfect sphere in the depths of the Milky Way Galaxy. This celestial object, which is neither a planet, nor a star, nor a satellite, has fascinated the scientific world with its shape.
Its name comes from its perfection
Discovered by astrophysicist Miroslav Filipovic and his team at the University of Western Sydney in Australia, this mysterious sphere is most likely a supernova remnant (SNR) — a shell of gas and dust formed by the explosion of a massive star and expanded by shock waves. Although supernova remnants are not uncommon in space, this example is quite unusual. Its shape is almost a perfect sphere.
Because of this unique geometry, Filipovic and his team named the remnant Teleios, which means “perfect” in Greek. Officially identified as G305.4–2.2, Teleios was actually discovered by chance. Filipovic noticed the unusual circular shape while examining new images from the ASKAP (Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder) radio telescope scanning the Southern Hemisphere sky, and began investigating further.
As symmetric as a work of art
Using data from ASKAP and the Murchison Widefield Array, the researchers evaluated two possible size and distance scenarios for Teleios. If the remnant is around 7,175 light-years from Earth, it would have a diameter of about 46 light-years; if it is 25,114 light-years away, it would have a diameter of exactly 157 light-years. Whichever scenario, the formation of such a symmetric structure is a big exception.
Teleios was measured to be 95.4 percent circular, making it one of the most symmetric supernova remnants known. However, while ideal theoretical models predict that SNRs are circular, in reality they are usually irregular. This is because the explosion was asymmetrical or the remnant interacted with the surrounding gas and dust as it spread. However, there is no trace of such distortions in Teleios.
Why is it so perfect?
It is thought that its location is responsible for such a perfect shape. Teleios lies 2.2 degrees below the plane of the Milky Way. This region is very sparse in interstellar gas and dust. Therefore, the remnant must have expanded freely without environmental interaction.
But its shape is not the only unusual feature of Teleios. The supernova remnant that has been observed has only been detected at radio wavelengths. Although some weak hydrogen-alpha emissions have been detected, there are no signs of other frequencies such as optical, infrared or X-ray, as is typical of supernova remnants. This has confused scientists.