Although \( +3 \) is the characteristic oxidation state for lanthan...
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Although \( +3 \) is the characteristic oxidation state for lanthanoids but cerium also shows \( +4 \) oxidation state because
(i) it has variable ionisation enthalpy
P
(ii) it has a tendency to attain noble gas configuration
W
(iii) it has a tendency to attain \( f^{0} \) configuration
(iv) it resembles \( \mathrm{Pb}^{4+} \)
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