Consider the two idealized systems: (i) a parallel plate capacitor with large plates and small separation and (ii) a long solenoid of length \( L \gg \), radius of cross-section. In (i) \( \mathbf{E} \) is ideally treated as
\( \mathrm{P} \) a constant between plates and zero outside. In (ii) magnetic field is constant inside the solenoid and zero outside. These idealised
W assumptions, however, contradict fundamental laws as below:
(a) case (i) contradicts Gauss's law for electrostatic fields.
(b) case (ii) contradicts Gauss's law for magnetic fields.
(c) case (i) agrees with \( \oint \mathbf{E} . \mathrm{d} \mathbf{l}=0 \).
(d) case (ii) contradicts \( \oint \mathbf{H} \cdot \mathrm{d} \mathbf{l}=I_{e n} \)
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