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Counter-Strike: Source (2004)

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In an a.c. circuit containing ohmic \( E=E_{0} \sin \omega t \), then \( I=I_{0} \sin (\omega t+\phi) \) resistance \( R \) only, voltage and current are in the same phase.
If \( \quad E=E_{0} \sin \omega t \), \( \phi=\tan ^{-1} \frac{\left(X_{C}-X_{L}\right)}{R} \).
then \( I=I_{0} \sin \omega t \)
The effective resistance of \( R L C \) circuit is
Effective resistance in a.c. circuit \( =R \).
\( Z=\sqrt{R^{2}+\left(X_{L}-X_{C}\right)^{2}} \)
In an a.c. circuit containing inductance \( (L) \) only,
\( Z \) is called impedance of the circuit.
alternating current \( I \) lags behind the alternating voltage
Fig. \( 7.5 \) shows what is called impedance
(E) by a phase angle of \( \pi / 2 \). If \( E=E_{0} \sin \omega t \); triangle.
then \( I=I_{0} \sin (\omega t-\pi / 2) \)
Inductive reactance, \( X_{L}=\omega L=2 \pi \nu L \)
In an a.c. circuit containing a capacitor of capacitance \( C \), alternating current is ahead of alternating voltage by a phase angle of \( \pi / 2 \).
If \( E=E_{0} \sin \omega t \), then \( I=I_{0} \sin (\omega t+\pi / 2) \)
Capacitative reactance, \( X_{C}=\frac{1}{\omega C}=\frac{1}{2 \pi \nu C} \)
FIGURE \( 7.5 \)
In an a.c. circuit containing ohmic resistance \( R \), an inductance \( L \) and a capacitance \( C \) in series if
\[
U_{B}=W=\frac{1}{2} L I^{2}
\]
Impedance of an \( R L C \) circuit is given by \( Z= \)
(a) \( R+X_{L}+X_{C} \)
(b) \( R+X_{L}-X_{C} \)
(c) \( \sqrt{R^{2}+\left(X_{L}+X_{C}\right)^{2}} \)
(d) \( \sqrt{R^{2}+\left(X_{L}-X_{C}\right)^{2}} \)
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