Journey (Without Return) In The Hellish Atmosphere Of Jupiter!
963Journey (without return) in the hellish atmosphere of Jupiter.
Mysterious, imposing and austere, Jupiter is the largest and most massive planet in the entire Solar System. It is so large (140 thousand kilometers in diameter) that if we put together all the other planets, including Saturn, we would be able to equal only half of its mass. It is difficult to describe in words the fascination that this cosmic giant has exerted over the centuries on entire generations of astronomers, enthusiasts and simply curious. On Jupiter everything is out of scale, starting from its best known feature, the Great Red Spot, a huge cyclone that rages in the atmosphere of the planet for at least 350 years.
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Like Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, Jupiter is mostly composed of gas - especially hydrogen and helium - and therefore has no defined surface on which to land.
A hypothetical descent into its atmosphere would look very much like a very long dive into the depths of the ocean. Although we do not know all the secrets of Jupiter yet, we know just enough to imagine the wonderful and terrible spectacle that a hypothetical astronaut would see if he tried to venture into its turbulent atmosphere... Alien colors, clouds as big as mountains, immense columns of gas in continuous movement, lightning so powerful that an entire ocean evaporates in the space of an instant: on Jupiter every atmospheric phenomenon is taken to the extreme, to characterize one of the most hostile environments of the Solar System.
An environment that - few remember - we began to explore a quarter of a century ago. So much time has in fact passed since the day the Galileo probe arrived on Jupiter after a six-year journey. Among the main objectives of that mission, in addition to the study of the Medicean satellites and the Jovian magnetic field, there was also the analysis of the atmosphere, for which was designed a small probe (called "atmospheric") that would measure pressure, temperature and chemical composition.
Galileo released the atmospheric probe five months before meeting Jupiter, in July 1995, and on December 7, 1995 the two ships reached the gas giant together. The "mother probe" entered into orbit around the planet, while the little one penetrated its atmosphere at a speed of 48 kilometers per second, after which, in little more than two minutes it was slowed down to subsonic speed by the density of the air.
The descent lasted a total of 58 minutes, and the connection was interrupted when the probe, arrived at 150 km of "depth", reached conditions of temperature and pressure so high that it dissolved in the atmosphere of the planet. The data collected along the way proved to be of fundamental importance to understand the dynamics and chemical composition of the upper layers of the Jovian atmosphere, but did not provide any clue as to what lies deeper.
However, nothing prevents us from putting together what little we know with a bit of imagination, and fantasize about what we might see as we descend towards the core, obviously protected by a super pressurized suit. A dive that will allow us to discover the secrets of one of the most extreme environments of the Solar System.
Are you ready?
En route to Jupiter! We are half a million kilometers away from Jupiter, aboard our ship, and the approach phase is much longer than expected: we are navigating at the maximum speed allowed by our propulsion system, yet it seems that the planet is not approaching one meter!
The outermost layers of its atmosphere begin to occupy the entire field of view only after several hours of travel, when we are still 200,000 kilometers away from the apparent surface of the planet, that is, from the top of its highest clouds. Now the entire disc of the planet extends into the sky for about 40 degrees of apparent diameter.
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Credits: Ron Miller
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