Is Time An IIlusion?
373Time is probably the most controversial topic to discuss about. Hundreds of philosophers and scientists have tried to define it in very different ways, and each one of us could probably have his own view about it.
Time doesn’t seem to flow regularly: Have you ever waited for the end of a boring lesson which seemed to never come to an end? Or have you ever spent an entire day with your girlfriend thinking that only a few hours have passed?
Is time just an illusion? Is it the same for everyone? Are there some scientific proves of his existence? Do you want to know the answer? Stick with me and I’ll tell you everything in a moment.
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Before trying to answer all these questions, let’s think about this: what is time? Time is just a way of describing how an object changes compared to another one. Let me give you a pair of examples. What is a day? It’s just a method to say that the earth has completed a rotation around its axis. What is a year? It’s a common way of telling that earth has done a complete revolution around the Sun. This definition of time leads to some tricky and astonishing conclusions, as an example on Venus a day lasts longer than a year.
Time has been a crucial element in the description of nature, and it has always been described as something immutable. As a matter of fact Newton, one of the most brilliant scientists ever, talked about absolute space and absolute time. These assumptions were useful to create his theory of gravitation, which explains how planets orbit around the Sun and why everything falls to ground on earth.
When do we use time in Physics? Always! One of the most common quantities in science is velocity, which describes how a position of something changes in time. A lot of other quantities such as the energy of a moving object are linked to velocity.
Therefore what we consider as a true scientific assumption, sometimes turns to be just a small approximation of a much larger theory. Is it true that time is non-variable and universal? Do we share the same “time”?
All scientists at the end of nineteenth century would have given a positive answer to this question, but they didn’t know that a young deustch man, studying in Zurich was going to prove them wrong, unraveling one of the most shocking discoveries in human history. Do you want to know its name? Albert Einstein.
In 1905, the so called “annus mirabilis”, he came out with four research papers containing the famous theory of “Special Relativity” and other studies on different subjects, particularly one regarding the photoelectric effect lead him to a Nobel prize in 1921.
What is this theory about?
Let’s start from the main principle that Isaac Newton and Galileo Galilei used to describe the world in a scientific way: the principle of relativity.
Have you ever heard something about it? If not, don’t worry, it’ very simple. It states that laws of physics must remain the same in systems which differ from a constant velocity. As an example, if we carry two identical experiments, one in a laboratory, and one moving at a fixed velocity on a bus, they must lead to the same results and the form of physics laws is exactly the same in both the systems.
This is the reason why when you are on a train in a station and you look from the window you can’t tell if you’re moving, or you’re standing still while other trains are moving.
By starting with such a common principle, Newton and Galilei elaborated a way of composing velocities of two different systems. If a car moves at 40 mi/h and a bus goes in the same direction at 60 mi/h, the driver of the car has the perception of being stationary and seeing a bus mowing at 20 mi/h. On the other side if two cars crash against each other at 30 mi/h, the impact will be the same of a single car hitting on a standing wall with a velocity of 60mi/h.
Is this true for everything?
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