As it turns out, "CD-i Ready" games are almost identical to a standard CDDA disc other than the fact that the initial set of sectors can be decoded as data, and the lead-in is (by definition) larger than 30 seconds.
After taking this into account, as well as the fact that sectors can be scrambled in a different format different from the expected one, it was straightforward enough to get The Apprentice (as well as Dimo's Quest - video coming later, once a proper dump is available) running as intended.
Between a handful of graphical bugs being fixed, a significant amount of optimization (the driver is currently 2-3x faster than it was), and these audio fixes, MAME 0.240 is shaping up to be the go-to version for CD-i emulation enthusiasts, as long as you don't want to run a title that requires MPEG decoding.
The Apprentice Statistics For Mog's Emulation Station
At present, Mog's Emulation Station has 998 views spread across 2 videos for The Apprentice, with his channel publishing less than an hour of The Apprentice content. This is 2.58% of the total watchable video on Mog's Emulation Station's YouTube channel.