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WBCS Exe Etc Exam Main Optional Subject Geography Syllabus
GEOGRAPHY :
Paper – I : PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY (GROUP – A : PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY)
Geomorphology
Nature and composition of earth’s crust; Structure of earth’s interior; Origin, distribution
and permanency of Continents and Ocean Basins; Theories of isostasy, continental drift, Bio energy cycle,and plate tectonics; Earth movements – types and effects; Geographical features – Fundamental concepts in
geomorphology; Gradational processes – weathering and masswasting, Folding and Faulting; Landforms due to fluvial. glacial. aeolian, coastal and karst processes; Evolution of landforms– cyclic and
non-cyclic models; Global hydrological cycle.Continue Reading WBCS Exe Etc Exam Main Optional Subject Geography Syllabus.

Climatology
Atmosphere – nature, composition and structure , Biosphere – nature , composition and structure; Elements and factors of weather and
climate; Insolation and Heat-budget; General circulation of winds, Jet Streams and
Monsoons; Condensation and Precipitation; Airmass and fronts; Tropical and Extratropical cyclones; Thunderstorm and tornado; Climatic classification – principles and
application(Koppen, Thorntwaite, Trewartha); Global climatic changes.

Oceanography
Origin of continents and ocean basins; Bottom topography of ocean basins: Indian, Pacific
& Atlantic Oceans; Nature, origin and characteristics of continental shelves, Trenches, and slopes,
submarine canyons and coral reefs and atolls; Ocean currents: Indian, Pacific and Atlantic
oceans; Physical and Chemical properties of ocean water: temperature, salinity and
density; TS Diagram and Watermass; Ocean Deposits; Marine Resources.

Environmental Geography
Nature and composition of Biosphere; Concepts relating to Ecosystem – production and
decomposition, homoeostasis, energy environment, productivity, food chain, food web,
trophic structure, ecological niche, ecological pyramids, and ecological crisis; Ecosystem – Grasslands
principles and components; Components, Geomorphic processes , Bio-energy Cycles and Biogeochemical cycles;
Major Ecosystems of the world; Environmental degradation and conservation;
Environmental pollution – land, water, air and noise; Natural hazards and natural disaster
characteristics, mitigation and global efforts.
Cartography
The Earth as a Cartographic Problem – size and shape; co-ordinate system; scale and
map projection; Principles and properties of Polar Zenithal. Conical. Cylindrical and
Conventional projections (all normal case); Thematic mapping – types and techniques;
Principles of Surveying and Levelling with Chain, Plane Table, Dumpy level and GPS;
Remote Sensing nature and principles; Geographical Information System – evolution,
components, and functionality.
GROUP – B : HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
Economic Geography
Concepts and theories of resources; Locational analysis of agriculture (intensive
subsistence in monsoon lands, extensive commercial farming in temperate lands,
plantation farming in the tropics and dairy farming in the temperate grasslands),
lumbering, fishing, mining (coal, petroleum and iron ore), power production (hydel and
nuclear) and manufacturing (iron & steel, aluminium, and cotton textile); Economic
models – landuse (Von Thunen), industry (Weber, Hoover, Pred). Economic systems and
economic landscape – characteristics and evolution (Rostow, Myrdal, and Isard). Global
economic blocks – patterns and functions.

Population Geography
Factors and measures of population growth; Malthus, Neo-Malthusianism, Optimum,
Social and economic, Biological and natural and Demographic transition theories of
population growth; Pattern of World population growth; Migration – nature, theories and
consequences on society; Population distribution – density and global pattern; Global
patterns and trends of population composition (age-sex structure and occupational
structure).

Social & Political Geography
Concept of space: absolute & relative; Social structure: stratification and differentiation;
Social Processes; segregation, adaptation, assimilation and integration; Heartland and
Rimland theories; Principles of boundaries and frontiers

Settlement Geography
Origin and Growth of Settlements; Function, morphology, types and patterns of Rural
settlements; Urban growth and urbanization; Classification, functions, and morphology of
towns and cities; Models of urban growth – Burgess, Hoyt, Harris and Ullman, Mann.
Urban gradients and densities; Residential areas – patterns and processes; The Central
Business District – characteristics, delimitation and changes; The Central Place Theory
and the Ranksize rule, The Urban field and inter-urban movement.

Regional Development and Planning

Paper – II :
REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY GROUP – A: GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA

GROUP – B: GEOGRAPHY OF WEST BENGAL