Shifting Letters II | Leetcode 2381 | Difference Array Technique: Concepts & Questions - 2 | MIK
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Hi Everyone, this is the 2nd video of our Playlist "Difference Array Technique : Concepts & Questions".
We have already studied powerful Difference Array technique -
Now we will be solving a very good problem based on it - Shifting Letters II | Leetcode 2381 | Difference Array Technique: Concepts & Questions - 2 | codestorywithMIK
Problem Name : Shifting Letters II | Leetcode 2381 | Difference Array Technique: Concepts & Questions - 2 | codestorywithMIK
Company Tags : Will update later
My solutions on Github(C++ & JAVA) - https://github.com/MAZHARMIK/Interview_DS_Algo/blob/master/Arrays/Difference Array Technique/Shifting Letters II.cpp
Leetcode Link : https://leetcode.com/problems/shifting-letters-ii
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Video Summary :
This solution efficiently handles multiple range-based character shifts on a string using a difference array technique:
Difference Array Construction:
A diff array is initialized to record the net effect of all shifts at each position.
For each range [start, end] in shifts:
If the shift direction is forward (1), increment diff[start] and decrement diff[end + 1] (if within bounds).
If the direction is backward (0), decrement diff[start] and increment diff[end + 1] (if within bounds).
Prefix Sum Calculation:
The diff array is converted into a cumulative prefix sum, which gives the net shift effect for each character in the string.
Apply Shifts to the String:
For each character in the string:
Calculate the effective shift by taking diff[i] % 26 (to handle wrap-around within the alphabet).
Adjust negative shifts to positive by adding 26.
Apply the shift to the character using modular arithmetic to ensure the result stays within valid alphabetic bounds.
✨ Timelines✨
00:00 - Introduction
0:21 - Motivation
0:44 - Problem Explanation
5:22 - Thought Process and why Difference Array Technique
14:55 - Example Dry Run
19:50 - Important Part - How to apply shifts
25:41 - Corner Case
30:18 - Coding it up
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