260 Days Coordinates 1-1

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Published on May 15, 2018 1:20:51 PM ● Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c55ive0edBM

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Amerindian Theorem of Time

The tonalpohualli, a Nahuatl word meaning "count of days", is a 260-day sacred period (often termed a "year") in use in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, especially among the Aztecs. This calendrical period is neither solar nor lunar, but rather consists of 20 trecena, or 13-day periods. Each trecena is dedicated to and under the auspices of a different deity.
The word, meaning "division of days", is a western invention coined in Yukatek Maya. The corresponding words used by the K'iche' and Kaqchikel peoples of Guatemala, which have maintained an unbroken count for over 500 years, are, respectively, Aj Ilabal Q'ij 'the sense of the day' and Chol Q'ij, 'the organization of time'. The actual names of this calendar as used by the pre-Columbian Maya are not widely known. The corresponding Postclassic Aztec calendar, was called tonalpohualli, in the Nahuatl language.
Tzolk'in (from the revised Guatemala Mayan languages Academy orthography, which is preferred by the linguists of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, formerly and commonly tzolkin) is the name bestowed by Mayanists on the 260-day Mesoamerican calendar originated by the Maya civilization of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.
For divination based on casting lots and counting forward through the calendar from the current 'year bearer' to arrive at a day which is then interpreted. This is not pure cleromancy because somatic twitches of "blood lightning" can either be specifically consulted or arise spontaneously during the process.
For traditional Mayan names, which are based on calendar days, often birthdays. As in astrology, personal characteristics are associated with birthdays (see Mayan astrology for details).

The Maya calendar is a system of calendars used in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, and in many modern communities in highland Guatemala and in Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico.

Тональпоуалли (аст. tōnalpōhualli — счёт дней) — ритуальный календарь ацтеков и 260-дневный период, часто называемый священным годом, использовавшийся в доколумбовой Месоамерике.

Этот ритуальный календарь был записан в «книге дней» тоналаматль, которая представляла собой кодекс на коже или бумаге из коры, на основе которого жрец тональпоуке составлял гороскопы и вычислял благоприятные и неблагоприятные дни. Его структура была аналогична календарю майя и, вероятно, унаследована от них через тольтеков.

阿茲特克神聖曆（tonalpohualli，意為「日子的算法」）是墨西哥地區還沒被西班牙征服以前，阿茲特克人所使用的曆法之一，不過除了阿茲特克祭司外，普羅大眾並不通曉其用法。這套曆法將一年分為20旬（trecena），一旬13日；每旬各有其守護神。

神聖曆與另外一套曆法──太陽曆──互相搭配，形成一個52年的週期；每52年，阿茲特克人就舉行一次新火典禮。此外，太陽曆某年的年號，是以該年第一日當天對照的神聖曆的日符來命名的。如西班牙征服者荷南·科爾蒂斯與蒙堤祖馬二世相見的那天，阿茲特克人就稱為蘆葦元年風八日，也就是西元1519年11月8日。

對於為什麼會使用260為一個週期，目前看法不一。有人認為[谁？]這跟金星繞日的週期（224.70069日）相近；有人認為[谁？]它與人類的懷孕期（大約40周）相近；也有人認為[谁？]這可能是太陽不直射墨西哥谷地的時間（8月12日到翌年4月30日，約260日）。也有人認為[谁？]這套曆法與自然現象無關，純粹只是依照13和20這兩個對中美洲人很重要的數字。

瑪雅曆法系統本身建立在通行於當地的曆法系統上，而該系統至少可追溯到西元前6世紀，與其他中美洲文明所使用的曆法享有許多共同的特徵，例如較早期的文明像是薩波特克（Zapotec）與奧爾梅克（Olmec）之曆法，以及當代或較晚期的文明如米斯特克（Mixtec）、阿茲特克（Aztec）等的曆法。雖然中美洲曆法並不源自瑪雅文明，但其後續的延伸以及去蕪存菁的手法是最為精密的。在阿茲特克曆以外，瑪雅曆同樣是文件最齊全、最能夠完整理解的曆法。

Der Maya-Kalender ist als astronomischer Kalender das historische Kalendersystem der Maya. Es ist der am weitesten entwickelte Kalender der mesoamerikanischen Ureinwohner.

Frederico Custodio Ribeiro