Beneficial Mutations Cannot Help Take Fish to Fishermen | Common Descent REFUTED!
76#debate #creation #evolution #origins #apologetics #science #christianity
Evolutionary scientists look to many different mechanisms as a way to help explain large-scale evolutionary changes. These include mutations, natural selection, gene flow, recombination, and genetic drift.
When it comes to mutations specifically, they require mutations that are truly beneficial (not functionally compromising to organisms) to help drive positive evolutionary change. The problem for those that want to believe all life (including plants and animals) are related through common ancestry is that beneficial mutations rare. And even when they do occur, they usually turn out to be reductive. Reductive beneficial mutations are not going to help take bacteria-like organisms to biologists over time.
Beneficial mutations are almost exclusively categorized by their phenotype (physical characteristics), with only a minor regard to their genotype (genetic systems). When we examine the change at the genomic level, we typically find this change is due to the breaking down of pre-existing systems. You cannot climb up a mountain by continuously taking steps downward. You also need to take many steps upward. Even if you take one step upward every 100 steps you take (with the other 99 being downward), you are not going to climb up the mountain. This is mount improbable for guardians of evolutionary theory.
Let's look at just one example of a mutation that is claimed to be beneficial and yet when examined at the genotype, it is reductive and functionally compromising to humans that experience it. This example is sickle cell anemia. People with this mutation expressed are resistant from getting another disease called malaria. It turns out that sickle cell anemia is due to a broken protein. More specifically, it is due to a deformed hemoglobin molecule. This is reductive. And it will not help drive true evolutionary change. This is just one of the numerous examples that could be cited and demonstrated to be reductive at the genotype.
The reality is that mutations are largely deleterious, and this includes the rare beneficial mutation that manifests. What we see in biology are downhill changes. These are not the types of vertical changes that are required to take single celled ancestors into whales and humans over lots of time. Simply put, God placed His creation at the very top of the mountain, and mutations have slowly moved off that mountain. This is the opposite of what the evolutionary model would predict. If common descent were true, we should be continuously climbing the mountain, rather than going further and further off of it.
The purported mechanisms for large-scale evolution are not up to the task. Mutations simply do not provide us with the necessary genetic mechanism that will help climb mount improbable. Apologists of evolution must provide an example of a genetic event that can construct highly sophisticated genetic systems. They must empirically demonstrate the origin of the many highly complex systems found in the cell.
The reality is that even if defenders of common descent could provide 100 examples of truly beneficial mutations that are not functionally compromising to organisms (at the genotypic level), this will still not save the day for the theory. There are far too many low-impact (and very slightly deleterious) mutations pouring into the genomes of living organisms generation after generation. There is no counter-balance. This is like trying to fix your car that is rusting out over time through regular servicing appointments. You can change your oil at the right time, and even replace your tires when appropriate, but you are never going to stop the car from completely breaking down one day.
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