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The ArabāIsraeli conflict is an ongoing intercommunal phenomenon involving political tension, military conflicts, and other disputes between various Arab countries and Israel, which escalated during the 20th century, but had mostly faded out by the early 21st century. The roots of the ArabāIsraeli conflict have been attributed to the support by Arab League member countries for the Palestinians, a fellow League member, in the ongoing IsraeliāPalestinian conflict; this in turn has been attributed to the simultaneous rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism towards the end of the 19th century, though the two national movements had not clashed until the 1920s.
ArabāIsraeli conflict
Part of the Cold War (1956, 1967ā1991) and the IranāIsrael proxy conflict (from 1985)
The main parties in the ArabāIsraeli conflict
Israel West Bank and Gaza Strip Egypt Jordan Lebanon Syria Iraq
Date c. 15 May 1948 ā ongoing
(75 years, 4 months and 4 weeks)
Main phase: 1948ā1982[3] Location
Middle East
Result
Normalization:
EgyptāIsrael peace treaty (1979)
IsraeliāLebanese peace treaty attempt (1983)
Oslo Accords (1993)
IsraelāJordan peace treaty (1994)
UNSC 1701 (IsraelāLebanon ceasefire treaty) (2006)
Approachment of Israel and Gulf States in light of mutual stance against Iran (2010s)
Territorial
changes
Establishment of Israel and All-Palestine Protectorate (1948); Jordanian annexation of the West Bank
Dissolution of All-Palestine Government (1953) and Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip
Israeli occupation (1967ā1982) of the Sinai Peninsula, West Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights
EgyptianāIsraeli peace and formation of the Israeli Civil Administration (1982)
Oslo Accords and formation of the Palestinian National Authority in areas A, B of the West Bank and Gaza in 1994.
IsraelāJordan peace treaty ā transfer of Al Ghamr enclave (2019)
Belligerents
Israel
Mahal volunteers (1948 ArabāIsraeli War)
United Kingdom
(Suez Crisis)
France
(Suez Crisis)
Free Lebanon State (1978ā1984)
South Lebanon Army (1984ā2000)
Supported by:
United States (1967āpresent)
Arab League
Egypt (1948ā1978)
Jordan (1948ā1994)
Lebanon (1948āpresent)
Iraq (1948āpresent)
Sudan (1948ā2020)
Syria (1948āpresent)
Kingdom of Yemen (1948 ArabāIsraeli War)[1]
All-Palestine (1948ā1959)
AHW (1947ā1949)
Fedayeen (1949ā1964)
PLO (1964ā1993)
Palestinian Authority (Second Intifada)
State of Palestine
Soviet Union (1967ā1991)[2]
Gaza Strip (2006āpresent)
Supported by:
Iran (2006ā2012)
Commanders and leaders
Israel David Ben-Gurion (1948ā1963)
Israel Yigael Yadin (1948ā1952)
Israel Yaakov Dori (1948ā1949)
Israel Yitzhak Rabin (1948ā1995)
Israel Ariel Sharon (1948ā2005)
Israel Ehud Barak (1948ā2013)
Moshe Dayan (1948ā1979)
Saad Haddad (1978ā1984)
Antoine Lahad (1984ā2000)
Jordan King Abdullah I (1948ā1951)
Jordan John Bagot Glubb (1948ā1956)
Jordan King Hussein (1953ā1994)
Jordan Habis al-Majali (1948ā2001)
All-Palestine Protectorate Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni ā
All-Palestine Protectorate Hasan Salama ā
Fawzi Al-Qawuqji (1948ā1977)
Egypt Ahmed Ali al-Mwawi (1948ā1979)
All-Palestine Protectorate Haj Amin Al-Husseini (1948ā1974)
Egypt King Farouk I (1948ā1965)
Egypt Ahmad Ali al-Mwawi (1948ā1979)
Egypt Muhammad Naguib (1948ā1984)
Egypt Saad El Shazly (1948ā2011)
Casualties and losses
ā22,570 military deaths
ā1,723 civilian deaths[5] ā1,050 SLA militiamen deaths
91,105 total Arab deaths
Part of the PalestineāIsrael conflict arose from the conflicting claims by these movements to the land that formed the British Mandatory Palestine, which was regarded by the Jewish people as their ancestral homeland, while at the same time it was regarded by the Pan-Arab movement as historically and currently belonging to the Arab Palestinians,[8] and in the Pan-Islamic context, as Muslim lands. The sectarian conflict within the British Mandate territory between Palestinian Jews and Arabs escalated into a full-scale Palestinian civil war in 1947. Taking the side of the Palestinian Arabs, especially following the Israeli Declaration of Independence, the neighbouring Arab countries invaded the by-then former Mandate territory in May 1948, commencing the First ArabāIsraeli War. Large-scale hostilities mostly ended with ceasefire agreements after the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Peace agreements were signed between Israel and Egypt in 1979, resulting in Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula and the abolition of the military governance system in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, in favor of Israeli Civil Administration and consequent unilateral annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem. The nature of the conflict has shifted over the years from the large-scale, regional ArabāIsraeli conflict to a more local IsraeliāPalestinian conflict, which peaked during the 1982 Lebanon War when Israel intervened in the Lebanese Civil War to oust the Palestinian Liberation Organization from Lebanon. By 1983, Israel reached normalization with Christian-dominated Lebanese